103 research outputs found
Low-dose radiations derived from cone-beam CT induce transient DNA damage and persistent inflammatory reactions in stem cells from deciduous teeth
No full textOBJECTIVES: Cone-beam CT (CBCT), a radiographic tool for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in dental practice, was introduced also in pediatric radiology, especially orthodontics. Such patients subjected to repetitive X-rays examinations may receive substantial levels of radiation doses. Ionizing radiation (IR), a recognized carcinogenic factor causing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) could be harmful to undifferentiated cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) since inaccurately repaired or unrepaired DSBs may lead to malignant transformation. The H2AX and MRE11 proteins generated following DSBs formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CKs) secreted after irradiation are relevant candidates to monitor the cellular responses induced by CBCT. METHODS: DPSCs were extracted from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and their phenotype was assessed by immunocytochemistry and flow-cytometry. Cells were exposed to IR doses: 5.4-107.7 mGy, corresponding to 0.5-8 consecutive skull exposures, respectively. H2AX and MRE11 were detected in whole cells, while IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα in supernatants, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points after exposure. RESULTS: The phosphorylation level of H2AX in DPSCs increased considerably at 0.5 h after exposure (p < 0.001 for 3, 5, 8 skull exposures and p < 0.05 for 1 skull exposure, respectively). MRE11 response could only be detected for the highest IR dose (p < 0.001) in the same interval. CKs secretion increased upon CBCT exposure according to doses and time. CONCLUSIONS: The DPSCs exposure to CBCT induces transient DNA damage and persistent inflammatory reaction in DPSCs drawing the attention on the potential risks of IR exposures and on the importance of dose monitoring in pediatric population.sponsorship: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Atomic Energy Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2011 under grant agreement no 604984 (OPERRA: Open Project for the European Radiation Research Area). (European Atomic Energy Community|604984)status: Publishe
Species-specific in vitro immune responses in cohabiting animals on a low-input farm
No full textAbstract
Objective / Purpose: The cost-effectiveness of raising animals depends primarily on their health and welfare, while losses from infectious diseases could be relatively high when the technology is disregarded. Low-input farms, where cohabitation of various species is frequent, provide outdoor free-roaming and also offer the opportunity for extensive locomotion and sunlight, considered key factors for health and welfare. The study aimed at investigating the immune potential of cohabitants (pigs, bovine and sheep) from a low input farm by testing their in vitro reactivity to stimulation.
Material and Methods: The research was carried out on blood samples from bovine (n=5), pigs (n=7) and sheep (n=15) cohabiting on the same low-input farm. To monitor the in vitro blast transformation capacity of lymphocytes, the blood was mixed 1:4 with RPMI1640 (Sigma Aldrich, USA), divided in 200µl aliquots in duplicate in 96 well-plates and supplemented with a mitogen (PHA), alcohol control and alcoholic extract of Symphytum officinale, 1.5 µl/well. The plates were incubated at 37⁰C (72 h-ruminants, 48 h-pigs), residual glucose was quantified spectrophotometrically (SUMAL PE2, Karl Zeiss, Jena) and stimulation indices were calculated (SI %). The groups were compared by Student’s t test for statistical significance of the results.
Results: The spontaneous SI was higher in cows (55.7± 10.3%) while PHA induced SI was higher in swine (64.61±7.88%, p<0.05) than in bovine (53.2±9.21%) and sheep (37.81±5.08%). The Symphytum officinale extract exerted a significantly increased (p<0.05) stimulating effect in pigs (59.88 versus 41.33%, p<0.05), but not in bovine or sheep.
Conclusion / Discussion: Considering the similar influential factors acting on cohabiting animals on a low-input farm, there was a species-specific response of the immune system to stimulation, and presumably disease, which the Symphytum officinale extract could influenced.
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by grant ERANET Core Organic Co-fund ROAM Free #249 ⁄ 202
Lactoferrin Functionalized Biomaterials: Tools for Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections
No full textTissue engineering is one of the most important biotechnologies in the biomedical field. It requires the application of the principles of scientific engineering in order to design and build natural or synthetic biomaterials feasible for the maintenance of tissues and organs. Depending on the specific applications, the selection of the proper material remains a significant clinical concern. Implant-associated infection is one of the most severe complications in orthopedic implant surgeries. The treatment of these infections is difficult because the surface of the implant serves not only as a substrate for the formation of the biofilm, but also for the selection of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, a promising new approach for prevention of implant-related infection involves development of new implantable, non-antibiotic-based biomaterials. This review provides a brief overview of antimicrobial peptide-based biomaterials—especially those coated with lactoferrin
Isolation and Functional Characterization of Equine Adipos Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
No full textAbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different sources are self-renewing progenitor cells with multipotent differentiation capacity. MSCs posed the capacity to proliferate extensively in vitro in optimal culture conditions, and represents the key factors in regenerative medicine. Our objective was to isolate and characterize equine MSCs from adipose tissue. Samples were obtained during castration. The adipose tissue samples were enzymatically digested and the isolated cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. MSCs were characterized by morphology, multilineage differentiation capacity and expression of specific markers. Equine adipose tissue derived stem cells displayed mostly fibroblastic–like morphology, capable of trilineage diffentiation capacity and showed significant expression of CD105, CD44, CD90, CD49 while were negative for CD43 and CD73. This study demonstrated the characteristics of equine adipose tissue derived stem cells, ideal candidate for veterinary regenerative medicine
Reversing chemoresistance of malignant glioma stem cells using gold nanoparticles
No full textAnamaria Orza,1,2 Olga Soriţău,3 Ciprian Tomuleasa,3,4 Liliana Olenic,5 Adrian Florea,4 Ovidiu Pana,5 Ioan Bratu,5 Emoke Pall,6 Stefan Florian,3 Dan Casciano,2 Alexandru S Biris21Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA; 3Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 4Faculty of General Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 5National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 6Department of Research, University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaAbstract: The low rate of survival for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma may be attributed to the existence of a subpopulation of cancer stem cells. These stem cells have certain properties that enable them to resist chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Herein, we show that temozolomide-loaded gold nanostructures are efficient in reducing chemoresistance and destroy 82.7% of cancer stem cells compared with a 42% destruction rate using temozolomide alone. Measurements of in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis indicate that combination with gold facilitated the ability of temozolomide, an alkylating drug, to alter the resistance of these cancer stem cells, suggesting a new chemotherapy strategy for patients diagnosed with inoperable recurrent malignant glioma.Keywords: gold nanoparticles, drug delivery, temozolomide therapy, temozolomide stability, cancer stem cells, recurrent high-grade glioma
Canine Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolation
No full textAbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive source of cells for cell therapy in veterinary medicine. Recent interest in stem cell biology and its therapeutic potential has led to search for accessible new sources of stem cells. Wharton‘s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent with specific potential to differentiate into multiple lineages.The aim of our study was the isolation, characterization and multilineage differentiation of Wharton‘s Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from canine umbilical cord following Caesarean section.Our data confirmed that the isolated and cultivated mesenchymal stem cells have multipotent based on specific surface antigen expressing and differentiation capacity
Application of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination during the reproductive season in goats
No full textThe aim of this paper was to test the effectiveness of an estrus synchronization method during the reproductive season in goats kept under extensive conditions as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of natural breeding versus artificial insemination with freshly collected and diluted semen. Estrus synchronization was performed using 2 successive administrations of PGF2alpha in 20 cycling does. Next, 2 groups of 10 does and 2 fertile bucks each were randomly created. In group 1 the females were naturally covered by the two bucks, as soon as heats were expressed. In group 2 semen was collected from the two bucks by electroejaculation, diluted using an original extender based on skimmed milk and artificial insemination was performed. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in all females using ultrasounds and all pregnancies were monitored until full term. Thus, after performing estrus synchronization followed by natural breeding or artificial insemination in the two experimental groups, the following reproductive indices were obtained: group 1: conception rate 80% and prolificity 170%; group 2: conception 90% and prolificity 220%. The two biotechnologies - estrus synchronization and artificial insemination - are thus complementary, with a major advantage resulting from grouped parturitions, which fully justifies their use in goats breeding
Application of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination during the reproductive season in goats
No full textThe aim of this paper was to test the effectiveness of an estrus synchronization method during the reproductive season in goats kept under extensive conditions as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of natural breeding versus artificial insemination with freshly collected and diluted semen. Estrus synchronization was performed using 2 successive administrations of PGF2alpha in 20 cycling does. Next, 2 groups of 10 does and 2 fertile bucks each were randomly created. In group 1 the females were naturally covered by the two bucks, as soon as heats were expressed. In group 2 semen was collected from the two bucks by electroejaculation, diluted using an original extender based on skimmed milk and artificial insemination was performed. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in all females using ultrasounds and all pregnancies were monitored until full term. Thus, after performing estrus synchronization followed by natural breeding or artificial insemination in the two experimental groups, the following reproductive indices were obtained: group 1: conception rate 80% and prolificity 170%; group 2: conception 90% and prolificity 220%. The two biotechnologies - estrus synchronization and artificial insemination - are thus complementary, with a major advantage resulting from grouped parturitions, which fully justifies their use in goats breeding
Advanced Techniques of Bovine Semen Analysis
No full textThe aim of the study was to assess bull semen fertility parameters using the classical techniques of sperm quality evaluation (density, motility, viability, and morphology, evaluated by light microscopy, in addition to concentration, evaluated via the hemocytometer and microspermatocrit), as well as advanced techniques, like computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. Results obtained for classical techniques were comparable to those obtained by automated methods, without significant differences between parameters. The classical methods were inexpensive but required more time and attention, while the operator’s experience was a key element for accurate assessment of sperm parameters. The advanced techniques were fast and objective, but required expensive equipment and dedicated personnel, with proper training in the field. Therefore, classical techniques are suitable for clinics where occasional evaluation of bulls’ fertility parameters is performed, while the advanced methods should be implemented in semen companies, as well as in fertility clinics and research laboratories
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