595 research outputs found
Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study, Author Response (Editorial)
No full textEditors' Note: Drs. Phan and Srikanth point out that in “Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study,” the recurrence rate was much higher than that in an Australian rapid/outpatient-based TIA pathway. Inability to walk (which could indicate stroke instead of TIA), low usage of antiplatelet therapy, and time to antiplatelet therapy are possible explanations. In response, Cadilhac et al. comment that initiation of aspirin within several hours vs 24–48 hours has not been shown to clearly improve outcomes.No Full Tex
Stakeholder perceptions on the role of community development corporations and resident participation
No full textCommunity Development Corporations (CDCs) were formed in the United States to address issues in urban communities and often work with municipal governments on these issues (Keating, 1997; Jennings, 2004). In some neighborhoods, CDCs seek to rebuild and revitalize communities that suffered from social unrest, while others react to the lack of government or inadequate programming addressing the economic and social maladies of urban communities. The work of CDCs requires the involvement of all community stakeholders – particularly city residents and public administrators. Does thedual relationship CDCs have with residents and local government suggest that they bring both closer together? This research studies this phenomenon by using Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation to examine the role CDCs play in cultivating citizen participation.Specifically, this study seeks to examine how community stakeholders perceive the roleCDCs play in fostering resident participation in local government. As a primary methodological tool for studying individual and group perspectives,Q-method was employed to empirically study community stakeholder perceptions ofCDCs. Key research findings suggest that: a) community stakeholders believe that CDCsare currently working to maintain the status quo of participation and advise that the Context of Conventional Participation (1995) is present, b) stakeholders overwhelmingly believe that CDCs should work to encourage participation that incorporates partnership, and c) there should be less distance between residents and decision making, thereby increasing opportunities for engagement. Through the exploration of the subjective, this study exposes the perspective ofresidents on citizen participation and identifies the need for a new direction of theory development that examines the creation of consensus and partnership building incommunity development organizations and initiatives. Furthermore, Conditions for Ideal Participation emerges from the data providing a practical guideline for strengthening participation in municipal government. Conclusions from this study have both theoretical and practical implications to the scholarly and administrative work comprised of public administration.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Tia Sherée Gayno
Cloud service provider comparison for “TIA” insurance system
No full textMūsdienās vairākas organizācijas vēlas atteikties no savas infrastruktūras, pārceļot izmantotos risinājumus mākoņpakalpojumu sniedzēju platformās, lai nodrošinātu labāku ātrdarbību, mērogojamību, pieejamību vai, piemēram, vienkārši samazinātu sistēmu uzturēšanas izmaksas. Autors ir piedalījies projektā, kurā tika veikta TIA Technology izstrādātās apdrošināšanas sistēmas TIA tehniskā analīze paralēli tās izstrādei ar mērķi to migrēt uz mākoņpakalpojumu platformu Microsoft Azure vai Oracle Cloud, analīzes rezultātā attiecīgajai TIA implementācijai arī veicot visu izstrādes procesā iesaistīto komponenšu migrāciju uz Oracle Cloud. Šī darba gaitā autors apskatīja Oracle Cloud un Microsoft Azure mākoņskaitļošanas platformas un to piedāvātās iespējas TIA darbības nodrošināšanai, aprakstīja migrācijas procesu, izaicinājumus, motivāciju, kā arī šīs rīcības stratēģiju. Autors arī projekta izstrādes laikā apkopoja iegūtās zināšanas un pieredzi ar mērķi piedāvāt vadlīnijas līdzīgas problēmas risināšanai – TIA apdrošināšanas sistēmas migrācijai uz mākoņpakalpojumu platformu Oracle Cloud.Nowadays many organizations would like to discard their on-premise infrastructure by moving their solutions to cloud service provider platforms to provide better performance, scalability, accessibility or just for maintenance cost reduction. Author has been involved in a project, where the insurance system TIA developed by TIA Technology has been technically analyzed in parallel with its development and customization with the aim to migrate it to cloud service provider platforms Microsoft Azure or Oracle Cloud. After analysis this TIA implementation was migrated with all involved development process components to Oracle OCI. This paper describes author’s research regarding Oracle Cloud and Microsoft Azure cloud service provider platforms and their provided options to ensure operation of TIA, migration process, challenges, motivation, and action strategy. As a result, author summarized the obtained knowledge and experience with an intention to provide guidelines necessary to solve a similar problem – TIA insurance system migration to Oracle Cloud
Impact of DREAMS interventions on experiences of violence among adolescent girls and young women: findings from population-based cohort studies in Kenya and South Africa
Get PDFDREAMS aims to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) by tackling drivers of HIV risk including gender-based violence. We evaluate the impact of DREAMS on recent experiences of violence perpetuated by men against AGYW. AGYW cohorts were randomly selected from demographic platforms in South Africa (rural KwaZulu-Natal) and Kenya (Nairobi informal settlements and rural Gem sub-county). AGYW aged 13–22 years were enrolled in 2017 (Nairobi, KwaZulu-Natal) or 2018 (Gem), with annual follow-up to 2019. We described proportions of AGYW who self-reported experiences of violence perpetrated by males in the 12 months preceding the interview, overall and by form (physical, sexual, emotional). We investigated associations with DREAMS (invitation to participate during 2017–2018) through multivariable propensity score-adjusted logistic regression and estimated the causal effect of DREAMS on experiences of violence, under counter-factual scenarios in which all versus no AGYW were DREAMS beneficiaries. Among 852, 1018 and 1712 AGYW followed-up in 2019 in Nairobi, Gem and KZN, respectively, proportions reporting any violence in 2019 were higher in Nairobi (29%) than Gem (18%) and KwaZulu-Natal (19%). By sub-type, emotional and physical violence were more frequently reported than sexual violence. We found no evidence of an impact attributable to DREAMS on overall levels of violence, in any setting. Nor was there evidence of impact on sub-types of violence, with one exception: an increase in physical violence in Nairobi if all, versus no, AGYW were DREAMS beneficiaries (16% vs 11%; +5% difference [95% CI: +0.2%, +10.0%]). Experiences of gender-based violence were common among AGYW, especially in urban settings, and DREAMS had no measurable impact on reducing violence within three years of implementation. Violence prevention programming that reaches more men and the broader community, sustained for longer periods, may yield greater gains in violence reduction than AGYW-focused programming. Additionally, more investment in implementation research is needed to bridge trial-based study findings from efficacy to population-level effectiveness
The role of educative thought in the life and work of Antonio Gramsci
Get PDFMany philosophers have propounded a vision of an improved society, what distinguishes Antonio Gramsci is his continuous effort to make it happen by understanding the process in order to put into practice. Gramsci's conviction about the importance of educative development came from both theory and experience. While there has been considerable examination of Gramsci's work in relation to the Prison Notebooks, this study will seek to address a lacuna in Gramsci scholarship. Using Gramsci's philological method, I analyse Gramsci's pre-prison activity; his pre-prison articles and letters, which, together with his letters from prison, formed part of his educative mission. This educative process was necessary, in order to construct a new party which would develop a collective will, collaboratively, with the masses.In this study therefore, I explore the contexts and formative experiences of the first part of his life together with the intellectual sources from which Gramsci developed his later theories, making central hitherto underemphasised connections between them which informed his writing and ideas. I intend to illustrate that Gramsci's underlying purpose in his writing, and political activity, was not only practical, on how to create a new socialist ruling class, but also educative in forming the mindset and values of his comrades. So that in addition to outlining his vision of a new order, he implicitly guided or explicitly explained the processes by which the necessary changes in social relations and moral climate could be made in order to achieve it. Each person had to engage with the values of the new order so that each could contribute to the construction of a new robust state. It was essential to build a hegemony at the most profound level, one which was dependent on collective understandings and a collective will
Pathways to reduced physical intimate partner violence among women in north-western Tanzania: Evidence from two cluster randomised trials of the MAISHA intervention.
Get PDFIntimate partner violence (IPV) affects over one-in-four women globally. Combined economic and social empowerment interventions are a promising IPV prevention model. However, questions remain on the mechanisms through which such interventions prevent IPV, and whether standalone social empowerment interventions can work in the absence of an economic component. This secondary analysis of MAISHA Study data (north-western Tanzania) explores pathways through which a group-based gender-training intervention, delivered to women standalone or alongside microfinance, may impact on physical IPV risk. Two cluster-randomised trials (CRT) assessed the impact of the MAISHA intervention on women's IPV risk; CRT01 among women in 66 pre-existing microfinance groups (n = 919), and CRT02 among 66 newly-formed groups not receiving microfinance (n = 1125). Women were surveyed at baseline and 29 months follow-up. Sub-group analyses explored whether intervention effects on past-year experience of physical IPV varied by participant characteristics. Mediators of intervention effect on physical IPV were explored using mixed-effects logistic regression (disaggregated by trial). In CRT01, MAISHA was associated with reduced past-year physical IPV (adjusted-OR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41-0.98), with stronger effects among those younger, more financially independent, and without prior physical IPV. CRT02 showed no impact on physical IPV, overall or among sub-groups. In CRT01, individual-level reduced acceptability of IPV and group-level confidence to intervene against IPV emerged as potential mediators of intervention effect, while relationship-level indicators of communication were not impacted. In CRT02, positive impacts on individual-level attitudes did not translate into reduced IPV risk. In CRT02, arguments with partners over perceived transgressions of gender roles increased in the intervention-arm. Neither trial resulted in increased separations. Findings illustrate the importance of addressing poverty and women's economic dependence on men, structural factors that may impede the success of socially oriented violence prevention programming. Programming with men is also crucial to ameliorate risks of backlash against attitudinal/behavioural change among women. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02592252
Understanding why EmpaTeach did not reduce teachers' use of violence in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp: A quantitative process evaluation of a school-based violence prevention intervention.
Get PDFEmpaTeach was the first intervention to address teacher violence to be tested in a humanitarian setting and the first to focus on reducing impulsive use of violence, but a cluster randomised trial found no evidence that the intervention was effective in reducing physical and emotional violence from teachers. We aimed to understand why. We conducted a quantitative process evaluation to describe the intervention implementation process (what was implemented and how); examine teachers' adoption of positive teaching practices (was the content of the intervention taken up by participants), and test mechanisms of impact underlying the program theory (how the intervention was supposed to produce change). Despite participation in the intervention activities and adoption of intervention-recommended strategies (classroom management and positive disciplinary methods), we show that teachers who used more positive discipline did not appear to use less violence; and teachers in intervention schools did not experience gains in intermediate outcomes such as empathy, growth mindset, self-efficacy or social support. Our findings suggest that the intervention did not work due to the failure of some key hypothesised mechanisms, rather than because of implementation challenges
Pai-Raiol e Tia Balbina: negros e feiticeiros
No full textEste ensaio analisa a imagem dos negros feiticeiros no Brasil pré-abolição com base nos personagens Pai-Raiol (As vítimas-algozes, Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, 1869) e tia Balbina (Motta Coqueiro ou a pena de morte, José do Patrocínio, 1877). O autor faz um resumo dos livros; analisa as características dos personagens e suas diferenças entre si; e analisa a visão dos autores em função de sua base católica e a imagem geral de negros e feiticeiros em seu contexto cultural. This essay analizes the image of coloured enchanters in pre-abolition Brazil based on characters Pai-Raiol (As vítimas-algozes, Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, 1869) and tia Balbina (José do Patrocínio, 1877). The author summarize the books; analizes the refered characters features and their differences from each other; and approaches the authors vision related to their catholic background and the general coloured and enchanters in their cultural context.
Measuring Health and Well-being of Young People in the Transfer Project
Get PDFDuring the past decade, over a dozen government-run cash transfer programmes have been launched in sub-Saharan Africa, and there is growing evidence of their ability to improve a range of development outcomes. Comparing longitudinal data in four focus countries, this paper looks at a variety of emotional and physical aspects of young people’s development during their transition to adulthood
Measurement of Interpersonal Violence in National Social Cash Transfer Evaluations
Get PDFOver the past decade, more than a dozen government-run cash transfer programmes have been launched in sub-Saharan Africa as part of national social protection strategies. Recently there has been increased interest in examining whether such programmes reduce interpersonal violence, including between partners and against children. In this Research Brief we discuss different approaches that have been implemented in evaluations supported by the Transfer Project
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