1,721,149 research outputs found
PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy
Full text linkThe poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily of enzymes catalyses the ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) of target proteins by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor. ADPr reactions occur either in the form of attachment of a single ADP-ribose nucleotide unit on target proteins or in the form of ADP-ribose chains, with the latter called poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs regulate many cellular processes, including the maintenance of genome stability and signal transduction. In this review, we focus on the PARP family members that possess the ability to modify proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, namely PARP1, PARP2, Tankyrase-1, and Tankyrase-2. Here, we detail the cellular functions of PARP1 and PARP2 in the regulation of DNA damage response and describe the function of Tankyrases in Wnt-mediated signal transduction. Furthermore, we discuss how the understanding of these pathways has provided some major breakthroughs in the treatment of human cancer
A Semiparametric Approach to Test for the Presence of INAR: Simulations and Empirical Applications
No full textThe present paper explores the application of bootstrap methods in testing for serial dependence in observed driven Integer-AutoRegressive (models) considering Poisson arrivals (P-INAR). To this end, a new semiparametric and restricted bootstrap algorithm is developed to ameliorate the performance of the score-based test statistic, especially when the time series present small or moderately small lengths. The performance of the proposed bootstrap test, in terms of empirical size and power, is investigated through a simulation study even considering deviation from Poisson assumptions for innovations, i.e., overdispersion and underdispersion. Under non-Poisson innovations, the semiparametric bootstrap seems to “restore” inference, while the asymptotic test usually fails. Finally, the usefulness of this approach is shown via three empirical applications
'Crossing places’: an experience of death education with adolescents. “I luoghi dell’attraversamento”: un’esperienza di death education con gli adolescenti.
No full textArchetypal analysis and latent Markov models: A step-wise approach
No full textIn this contribution we exploit probabilistic archetypal analysis in a three-step approach involving latent Markov models to analyze discrete latent variables with a discrete-time follow-up scheme. Archetypal analysis provides class assignments that are subsequently used as single indicators in a latent Markov model to estimate the structural part. We apply the proposed strategy to a dataset concerning responses to a statistical anxiety questionnaire administered to university students attending an introductory statistical course
Integrated assessment of financial knowledge through a latent profile analysis
No full textKnowledge is defined as a multi-faceted latent variable that is not directly measurable but through manifest variables, i.e., items. Latent variable models are, therefore, widely used in this context to analyze latent traits from items, usually expressed by ordinal variables. Finding homogeneous groups of units according to their knowledge levels turns out helpful to policymakers and to any other who has to take decisions into the domain. As a result, latent variables models are combined within integrated approaches to find homogeneous groups. The present work proposes a coordinated strategy combining the item response theory (IRT) models with the archetypal analysis (AA). The proposed method is applied to a data set of 625 Italian respondents to a survey conducted within the European project “Fintech and Artificial Intelligence in Finance”. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the proposed method is an effective and helpful tool to get homogeneous groups and their respective profiles according to the knowledge levels of the respondents based on their responses to the survey
Disturbo di Panico e stagionalità: ipotesi di una sottotipizzazione del disturbo sulla base del suo andamento stagionale
No full text(ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases: structure, function, and biology
Full text linkADP-ribosylation is an intricate and versatile posttranslational modification involved in the regulation of a vast variety of cellular processes in all kingdoms of life. Its complexity derives from the varied range of different chemical linkages, including to several amino acid side chains as well as nucleic acids termini and bases, it can adopt. In this review, we provide an overview of the different families of (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases. We discuss their molecular functions, physiological roles, and influence on human health and disease. Together, the accumulated data support the increasingly compelling view that (ADPribosyl)hydrolases are a vital element within ADP-ribosyl signaling pathways and they hold the potential for novel therapeutic approaches as well as a deeper understanding of ADP-ribosylation as a whole
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