206,730 research outputs found
Socialna izključenost otrok s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami na izbrani osnovni šoli
No full textDetermining Pak Rupee Exchange Rates vis-à-vis Six Currencies of the Industrial World: Some Evidence Based on the Traditional Flow Model
No full textPak-rupee exchange rates vis-à-vis many currencies of the industrial world have weakened continuously and persistently since Pakistan abandoned fixed exchange rates in April 1982. This proposition is strongly supported by descriptive test statistics, as shown in Table 1, such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of six Pak rupee exchange rates—against the U.S. dollar, British pound, German mark, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and French franc—over the period 1982q1-2000q4. Based on these descriptive statistics, it is evident that Pak rupee has depreciated persistently against all currencies of the industrial countries in question over the period under investigation; for example, it has depreciated by 324.05 percent against the British pound, 406.360 percent against the U.S. dollar, 344.53 percent against the French franc, 498.48 percent against the Swiss franc, 477.78 percent against the German mark and 986.25 percent against the Japanese yen since April 1982. As evidenced by coefficient of variation, Pak rupee has weakened enormously against all currencies of the industrial world, while it has weakened relatively more alarmingly against the Japanese yen, Swiss franc and German mark.
Uporaba uravnoteženega sistema kazalnikov v okviru sistema strateškega managementa slovenske turistične organizacije
No full textPEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTRODUCING THE GREEN PROGRAM INTO WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
No full textDiplomska naloga obravnava problematiko izobraževanja odraslih oseb z motnjo v duševnem in telesnem razvoju. Vseživljenjsko učenje je nujno za te osebe, saj tako ohranjajo že pridobljeno znanje in spoznavajo nove vsebine, ki jim pomagajo h kvalitetnejšemu življenju. Danes se odnos do oseb s motnjami v duševnem in telesnem razvoju spreminja tako, da so vedno bolj vključene v normalno življenje, ni pa bilo vedno tako. V Varstveno delovnem centru Polž si prizadevamo ponuditi uporabnikom kakovostno storitev in jim poleg različnih dejavnosti nudimo tudi vključitev v Zeleni program, kjer uporabniki spoznavajo delo na vrtu. V empiričnem delu naloge je predstavljen projekt Zelenega programa in uspešnost uporabnikov pri projektu.Thesis deals with the problem of adult education of people with disabillities in mental and physical development. Lifelong learning is essential for these persons, as this is the way to retain already acquired knowledge and learn new content, which helps improve their quality of life. Today, the attitude towards persons with disabilities in mental and physical development is changing so that they are becoming more and more involved in normal life, but this was not always the case. In Occupational activity centre Polž, we strive to offer users quality service and in addition to various activities we also offer the inclusion in the Green programme where users learn to work in the garden. Project Green programme and performance of the users in the project is presented in empirical part of the thesis
Translation of Pak, S. M. 1970. Trikhomonady dikikh vodoplavayushahikh ptits [= Trichomonads of wild waterfowl]. \u3ci\u3eVoprosy Prirodnoi Ochagovosti Boleznei\u3c/i\u3e [= \u3ci\u3eContributions on the Natural Nidality of Diseases\u3c/i\u3e. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR 3: 62-70
No full textTranslation number 31, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States (23 pages)
Translation of Pak, S. M. 1970. Trikhomonady dikikh vodoplavayushahikh ptits [= Trichomonads of wild waterfowl]. Voprosy Prirodnoi Ochagovosti Boleznei [= Contributions on the Natural Nidality of Diseases. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR 3: 62-70
Translated from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levin
Analytik und Mutagenität von verkehrsbedingtem Feinstaub: PAK und Mitro-PAK
No full textDas gesundheitsgefährdende Potential von Feinstaub in der Außenluft wurde in zahlreichen epidemiologischen Studien konsistent belegt. Ein Hauptverursacher der Belastung der Bevölkerung ist der Straßenverkehr und damit Ursache erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität. Eine besondere Gefährdung besteht bei Menschen mit Vorerkrankungen auf pulmonalem und kardiovaskulärem Gebiet. Jedoch wird die Frage einer mutagenen (erbgutverändernden) und kanzerogenen (krebserzeu-genden) Wirkung bislang unzureichend berücksichtigt. Neben PAK (Polyzyklische Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) wurde bereits von 2 Jahrzehnten die Bedeutung der z.T. hochpotenten Nitroderivate (Nitro-PAK) herausgestellt (Mücke et al.). Diese entstehen bei Verbrennungsprozessen, aber auch sekundär durch photochemische Reaktionen der emittierten PAK mit Stickstoffoxiden. Vorgestellt werden nun detaillierte Untersuchungen an extrem verkehrsnahen Standorten modellhaft in München zur Erfassbarkeit, Analytik und Mutagenität von luftgetragenem Staub der Größe PM10 (Particulate Matter, 10 µm) und PM1 (1 µm) durch eluierbare PAK und Nitro-PAK. Messorte waren ein verkehrsbelasteter, lichtexponierter Platz und ein nahegelegener Tunnel im Sommer und im Winter. Begleitend wurden lufthygienische Parameter erfasst. Die Konzentration der Teilchengrößen, Schadstoffgehalte und mutagener Potentiale ergaben ein sehr differenziertes Bild mit überraschenden Unterschieden nach Standort und Sammelphase. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in summa, dass kleinen Partikelgrößen die überwiegende Wirksamkeit zukommt. Nicht unerheblich ist der Beitrag von mutagenen Substanzen in der Gasphase. Zur toxikologischen Charakterisierung der Partikelphase ergäbe die Bestimmung lediglich von Benzo(a)pyren ein unzureichendes Bild. Die Toxizität von Stäuben und der Gasphase in puncto Mutagenität durch PAK und Nitro-PAK ist komplex: Neben differenzierter chemischer Analytik legt sie die Anwendung toxikologischer Parameter nahe
Pak-Stanley labeling of the -Catalan hyperplane arrangement
No full textWe characterize in simple terms the Pak-Stanley labels λ(R) of the regions
R of the m-Catalan arrangement. We also propose a simple algorithm that returns R
from λ(R). Finally, we characterize in close terms the labels of the relatively bounded
regions.We characterize in simple terms the Pak-Stanley labels of the regions of the -Catalan arrangement. We also propose a simple algorithm that returns from . Finally, we characterize in close terms the labels of the relatively bounded regions.publishe
Satyrium (Superflua) skrylniki Krupitsky, Pljushtch & Pak, sp. n.
No full textSatyrium (Superflua) skrylniki Krupitsky, Pljushtch & Pak, sp. n. (Plate 1, figs. 1–4; plate 2, figs. 1, 4; plate 3, fig. 2) Material: Holotype (ZMMU): ♂, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 3000–3200 m, 11.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg.; paratypes (93 ♂, 64 ♀, AK, SIZK, OP, YuS, SCh): 1 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 03.VII. 2009, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 2 ♂, same data, O.V. Pak leg. (SCh); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same locality, 3200 m, 08.VII. 2009, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same locality, 3500 m, 02.VIII. 2011, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 5 ♂, same data, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 1 ♀, same locality, 3500 m, 03.VIII. 2011, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 3 ♂, 5 ♀, same locality, 3000–3200 m, 11.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 4 ♂, 3 ♀, same data, O.V. Pak leg. (AK); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, same locality, 2900 m, 11.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (AK); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 3060 m, 11.VII. 2013, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 1 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 12.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 11 ♂, 9 ♀, same locality, 3190 m, 12.VII. 2013, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 1 ♂, same locality, 3300 m, 14.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 22 ♂, 11 ♀, same locality, 3250 m, 14.VII. 2013, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 1 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 15.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 16.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 3 ♂, same data, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (AK); 16 ♂, 6 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 16.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 10 ♂, 8 ♀, same locality, 2915 m, 16.VII. 2013, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same locality, 3100 m, 19.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 1 ♀, same locality, 2900 m, 20.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 1 ♂, Bamyan Province, 67 km W Bamyan, Band-e Amir env., Kotak vill. vic., 34 ° 48 ’09’’ N, 67 °05’ 26 ’’ E, 2900 m, 17.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 1 ♂, same data, O.V. Pak leg. (OP); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, Yu.E. Skrylnik leg. (YuS); 2 ♂, Bamyan Province, 70 km W Bamyan, Band-e Amir env., Gumob vill. canyon, 34 ° 51 ’ 42 ’’ N, 67 °04’ 39 ’’ E, 3100 m, 23.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg. (SIZK); 1 ♀, Bamyan Province, 10 km S Bamyan, Kohi-Baba Mts., Khushkak canyon, 2800 m, 31.VII. 2011, O.V. Pak leg. (AK). PLATE 1. Superflua spp., imagoes. Scale bar equals 10 mm. 1. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n., holotype, ♂, upperside, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 3000– 3200 m, 11.VII. 2013, O.V. Pak leg., ex coll. ZMMU; 2. Id., underside; 3. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n., paratype, ♀, upperside, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 2900 m, 11.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg., ex coll. AK; 4. Id., underside; 5. S. (S.) sassanides, ♂, upperside, Iran, Fars Province, ab. 130 km NE Shiraz, vic. of Bovand, ab. 3000 m, 31.V. 2008, A.L. Devyatkin leg., ex. coll. AK; 6. Id., underside; 7. S. (S.) sassanides, ♀, upperside, same data, ex coll. AK; 8. Id., underside; 9. S. (S.) persepolis, ♂, upperside, Iran, Fars Province, 20 km W Estahban, 09– 10.V. 2007, K.A. Kolesnichenko leg., ex coll. KK; 10. Id., underside; 11. S. (S.) persepolis, ♀, upperside, same data, ex coll. KK; 12. Id., underside. Description. Male (plate 1, figs. 1–2). Head: antenna black, white-ringed at bases of segments, club dark with brown tip. Eye surrounded by a white stripe, brown with very short rare hairs. Frons grey with black hairs on the sides, top of head with black and white scales. Palpi: 2 nd segment white with black spot on base; 3 rd segment black outside, white inside, with white scales on top. Thorax: upperside brownish-grey with grey hairs, underside grey with white hairs. Legs white with black scales and white hairs. Abdomen: upperside brown, underside white. Forewing: upperside dark-brown, base of forewing lighter than rest of wing. Androconial patch on forewing welldeveloped, black, rather small, wedge-shaped. Outer margin black. Fringe dirty-white, with brownish hairs. Underside grey, outer margin dark-brown, underlain by a whitish strip. Spaces Cu 1 and M 2 bear well-developed black spots with bluish-grey scales basally, spaces A 2 and M 1 with very small reduced black spots. White postdiscal line well-developed in all spaces except A 3, staircase. Hindwing: upperside dark-brown, outer margin black. Underside grey with somewhat lighter veins and bluish scales in basal area. Outer margin dark-brown underlain by a white strip. Tail black with white tip. Fringe dirty-white, with brownish hairs, anal lobe small, marked with brush of black hairs. White postdiscal line rather broad, J-shaped (smoothly inwardly curved), underlain by blackish-brown strip. Pattern of submarginal spots poorly developed, black spots with traces of white scales small, reduced in all spaces except space Cu 2 with large, triangle internal black spot underlain by V-shaped white stroke, orange intermedial stroke and small external rounded spot. Space A 1 with diffused patch of bluishgrey and dark scales, internally underlain by two white strokes; space A 2 with small orange anal spot, small black stroke on inner margin underlain by white line connected with postdiscal line. Ground colour of upperside varies from nearly black to dark-brown, ground colour of underside—from light- to dark-grey, postdiscal line has different thickness among individuals. Hindwing submarginal spots vary between a whole set to almost completely reduced. Forewing length 12 mm in the holotype and 11–15 mm in paratypes. Male genitalia (plate 2, fig. 1). Falces oblique, pointed on tip; valvae short, fail to reach tegumen, with rhomboid basal part and shorter narrow distal bluntly-ended part bearing short thorn; vinculum inwardly with very small lateral projections; saccus rather short and broad (as broad as half of vinculum), with rounded tip. Aedeagus short, about 1,3 x genitalia length, rather broad, with deflected apex of sclerotized keel. Significant variations are absent. Female (plate 1, figs. 3–4). Similar to male. Forewing length 10–16 mm. Female genitalia (plate 2, fig. 4). Lamella postvaginalis rounded, antrum funnel-shaped, laterally gradually convergent, turns into short ductus bursae; bursa membranous, with two very large bidentate signa. Papillae anales long, narrow, gradually convergent to top, apophyses posteriores short (about 1,3 x of papillae anales length) and broad. Significant variations are absent. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (plate 3, fig. 1) and from Koh-i-Baba Mts. Biology. Butterflies locally inhabit scrub near riversides, ravines, banks of irrigation channels, rarely individual shrubs along roads and trails at 2850–3500 m. Strongly seasonal, the imagoes fly from the beginning of July till August. Host plant is probably Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (plate 3, figs. 2–3) Etymology. The new subspecies is named after Yuriy Skrylnik, one of the collectors of the type series. Diagnosis. Combination of external and genital characters, namely pale veins, solid smooth postdiscal white line on hindwing underside, structure of valva with stout rounded basal portion and broad rounded saccus in the male genitalia determine the position of the new species within the Iranian complex of species and distinguish it from S. (S.) mirabilis and S. (S.) deria. Externally the most allied species is S. (S.) sassanides, but it has different structure of the male and female genitalia. On the contrary, S. (S.) persepolis has somewhat similar genitalia but has very distinctive external differences. Externally S. (S.) skrylniki differs from both species by slightly inwardly concaved, rounded postdiscal line on hindwing underside (J-shaped against nearly L-shaped thin line in S. (S.) sassanides, and just slightly bent line in S. (S.) persepolis) and strongly reduced black dots in submarginal area on hindwing underside. The structure of the male genitalia of S. (S.) skrylniki strongly differs from that of S. (S.) sassanides by much more slender valvae (which are also rather short and bluntly ended though) with rhomboid basal part, and not so stout aedeagus with bent sclerotized keel; S. (S.) persepolis has apically pointed thin valvae, which are longer than in S. (S.) skrylniki, and slender long aedeagus with straight keel. The female genitalia somewhat resemble those of S. (S.) persepolis but have long and rather narrow rounded lamella postvaginalis; genitalia of S. (S.) sassanides differs by having very broad rhomboid lamella postvaginalis and broad antrum connected with corpus bursae by very short stout ductus bursae. Populations of the new species are strictly isolated both from S. (S.) sassanides and S. (S.) persepolis, as the first one is found only in Zagros mountains in South-Western Iran (Fars Province), while the second species is distributed over a vast in Iran in provinces Esfahan, Fars, Kerman, Sistan-va-Baluchistan (Eckweiler & ten Hagen 2003; Weidenhoffer et al. 2004). S. (S.) skrylniki wasn’t found in Hindu Kush Mts., and apparently it occurs at the eastern edge of the distribution area of the complex as an Iranian element in the fauna of Central Afghanistan. It is noteworthy that Clench & Shoumatoff (1956) mentioned a female specimen of « Strymon sassanides » from Mt. Shah Fouladi (Koh-i-Baba range) collected on the 10 th of August at 3000 m. They noted that it agrees perfectly with Persian specimens except for the smaller size, and differs from the Western-Himalayan subspecies [sic] deria. Taking these notes into consideration we believe that this specimen belongs to S. (S.) skrylniki. Another specimen with such traits (male), mentioned by Clench & Shoumatoff (1956) under the name sassanides, was found in vicinity of Herat (Western Afghanistan). Its status is under question, but we reckon it is not inconceivable that it also belongs to S. (S.) skrylniki. S. (S.) skrylniki resembles S. (S.) sassanides not only in appearance but also by their ecology: both species prefer subalpine zone of mountains at altitudes near 3000 m and fly mostly in July (Eckweiler & ten Hagen 2003), whereas S. (S.) persepolis prefers lower altitudes and flies earlier (Eckweiler & ten Hagen 2003; Churkin & Pletnev 2010). PLATE 2. Satyrium (Superflua) spp., genitalia. Scale bar equals 1 mm. 1. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n., paratype, ♂, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 2900 m, 11.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg., ex coll. AK 2. S. (S.) persepolis, ♂, Kerman Province, Jebal-Barez Mts., 22.V. 2011, A.L. Devyatkin leg., ex coll. AK 3. S. (S.). sassanides, ♂, Iran, Fars Province, ab. 130 km NE Shiraz, vic. of Bovand, ab. 3000 m, 31.V. 2008, A.L. Devyatkin leg., ex. coll. AK 4. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n., paratype, ♀, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 2900 m, 11.VII. 2013, I.G. Pljushtch leg., ex coll. AK 5. S. (S.) persepolis, ♀, Kerman Province, Jebal-Barez Mts., 22.V.2011, A.L. Devyatkin leg., ex coll. AK 6. S. (S.) sassanides, ♀, Iran, Fars Province, ab. 130 km NE Shiraz, vic. of Bovand, ab. 3000 m, 31.V.2008, A.L. Devyatkin leg., ex. coll. AK PLATE 3. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n. 1. Type locality, Afghanistan, Bamyan Province, Band-e Amir, 34 ° 48 ’ N, 67 ° 11 ’ E, 3000– 3200 m; 2. S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n., ♂ on the leaf of a probable host plant– Prunus sp. 3. Probable host plant of S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n. – Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), general view.Published as part of Krupitsky, Anatoly V., Pljushtch, Igor G. & Pak, Oleg V., 2015, Taxonomic notes on the genus Satyrium Scudder, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) of Afghanistan with description of two new taxa, pp. 421-431 in Zootaxa 3985 (3) on pages 423-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/24372
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