9,672 research outputs found
Differences in Radiative Forcing, Not Sensitivity, Explain Differences in Summertime Land Temperature Variance Change Between CMIP5 and CMIP6
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chan, D., Rigden, A., Proctor, J., Chan, P. W., & Huybers, P. Differences in radiative forcing, not sensitivity, explain differences in summertime land temperature variance change between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Earth’s Future, 10(2), (2022): e2021EF002402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002402.How summertime temperature variability will change with warming has important implications for climate adaptation and mitigation. CMIP5 simulations indicate a compound risk of extreme hot temperatures in western Europe from both warming and increasing temperature variance. CMIP6 simulations, however, indicate only a moderate increase in temperature variance that does not covary with warming. To explore this intergenerational discrepancy in CMIP results, we decompose changes in monthly temperature variance into those arising from changes in sensitivity to forcing and changes in forcing variance. Across models, sensitivity increases with local warming in both CMIP5 and CMIP6 at an average rate of 5.7 ([3.7, 7.9]; 95% c.i.) × 10−3°C per W m−2 per °C warming. We use a simple model of moist surface energetics to explain increased sensitivity as a consequence of greater atmospheric demand (∼70%) and drier soil (∼40%) that is partially offset by the Planck feedback (∼−10%). Conversely, forcing variance is stable in CMIP5 but decreases with warming in CMIP6 at an average rate of −21 ([−28, −15]; 95% c.i.) W2 m−4 per °C warming. We examine scaling relationships with mean cloud fraction and find that mean forcing variance decreases with decreasing cloud fraction at twice the rate in CMIP6 than CMIP5. The stability of CMIP6 temperature variance is, thus, a consequence of offsetting changes in sensitivity and forcing variance. Further work to determine which models and generations of CMIP simulations better represent changes in cloud radiative forcing is important for assessing risks associated with increased temperature variance.This study was supported by the Harvard Global Institute and NSF (Award 1903657). D. Chan was also supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Fellowship
Xun zhao yu zhou can shu de ge xiang yi xing
No full textChan, King Pak Keven = 尋找宇宙參數的各向異性 / 陳景柏.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 29, September, 2016).Chan, King Pak Keven = Xun zhao yu zhou can shu de ge xiang yi xing / Chen Jingbo
Phenomenon of ephemeral.
No full textChan Pak Suen Kirby."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report.
CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection
No full textChan, Pak Yeung.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, November, 2016)
China in Darfur: Humanitarian Rule-Maker or Rule-Taker?
No full textMost people hold that in its quest for natural resources abroad, China shields rogue states with egregious human-rights record from international opprobrium and sanctions. Its political support for Sudan is a case in point. By examining Chinese perspectives on humanitarian intervention and national sovereignty, this paper first argues that Beijing’s interests are so multiple and complex that concern about the implications of humanitarian intervention for national integration is more crucial than oil in determining its policy towards Sudan. Paradoxically it asserts that China, a non-democratic country, is more influential than liberal democratic states in making the rules of humanitarian intervention in Darfur because of a lack of political will in the West. In addition, there are early signs that China intends to utilize its newfound power to remake international rules regarding territorial sovereignty. Further development is likely to be shaped by its interactions with the United States
Coupled mesoscale-microscale (CMM) modelling of airflow at Hong Kong International Airport
No full textChina Joins Global Health Governance: New Player, More Medicines, and New Rules?
No full textIn the wake of China’s rapid ascendancy, are there any new rules made by the country in global health governance? This paper examines China’s emerging role in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, and finds that China adopts a pro-status quo stance on patented medicines. Aspiring to develop its own pharmaceutical sector to be capable to produce patented medicines on a par with the West, it has little appetite for using the prevailing rules or making new rules that are to the liking of the developing world. Undoubtedly, China is a new player in global health governance, but has yet to have agenda-setting intent and capacity. We argue that China’s behaviour and preferences can be explained by its dualistic national identities, the dominant position of realism in both the study of International Relations and policy circles and an underdevelopment of epistemic community in global health governance in the country
Phase Diversity of Nickel Phosphides in Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
No full textMotivated by the challenge to find a low-cost catalyst with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), transition metal phosphides (TMPs) appear to be one of the most burgeoning alternatives to noble metal based electrocatalysts. In addition to the low cost, TMPs have numerous interesting features such as high conductivity and chemical stability. Since, the catalytic activity of TMPs is highly dependent on the metal/phosphorous ratio, herein, we report the investigation of nickel-phosphide/carbon composites of different stoichiometries (NixPy/C) with tractable nickel phosphide phases as promising electrocatalyst for ORR under alkaline and acidic conditions. The NixPy/C composites are obtained by carbonization of a Ni-struvite (NiNH4PO4 ⋅ H2O) coated phenol-formaldehyde resin at different temperatures, resulting in variations of the formed NixPy phases. As expected, it is found that the electrocatalytic ORR performance of the NixPy/C composites highly depends on the predominant phase of nickel phosphide formed. The highest catalytic activity for ORR in alkaline as well as acidic media was found for the NixPy/C composite with the highest proportion of Ni2P as a predominant phase, obtained at 800 °C. For composites with NiP2 and Ni12P5 as the predominant phase, obtained at lower and higher temperatures, respectively, a lower catalytic activity was found. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim1
Marianne Chan: 47th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textMarianne Chan grew up in Stuttgart, Germany, and Lansing, Michigan. She is the author of All Heathens (Sarabande Books, 2020), which was the winner of the 2021 GLCA New Writers Award. Her second collection, Leaving Biddle City, was published from Sarabande Books in July of this year. Her poems have appeared in Poetry, Best American Poetry, New England Review, Kenyon Review, Michigan Quarterly Review, and elsewhere. She is an assistant professor of creative writing at Old Dominion University and teaches poetry in the Warren Wilson College MFA program for Writers
On the Use of Dynamic Calibration to Correct Drop Counter Rain Gauge Measurements
No full textDynamic calibration was performed in the laboratory on two catching-type drop counter rain gauges manufactured as high-sensitivity and fast response instruments by Ogawa Seiki Co. Ltd. (Japan) and the Chilbolton Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). Adjustment procedures were developed to meet the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for rainfall intensity measurements at the one-minute time resolution. A dynamic calibration curve was derived for each instrument to provide the drop volume variation as a function of the measured drop releasing frequency. The trueness of measurements was improved using a post-processing adjustment algorithm and made compatible with the WMO recommended maximum admissible error. The impact of dynamic calibration on the rainfall amount measured in the field at the annual and the event scale was calculated for instruments operating at two experimental sites. The rainfall climatology at the site is found to be crucial in determining the magnitude of the measurement bias, with a predominant overestimation at the low to intermediate rainfall intensity range
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