1,721,026 research outputs found
"L'efficienza energetica e l'elasticità di sostituzione"
No full textNegli ultimi decenni le relazioni tra sistema economico e ambiente naturale hanno assunto sempre maggiore importanza anche alla luce delle criticità dell’attuale sistema energetico. La sostenibilità della crescita economica e la necessità di ridurre la concentrazione delle emissioni inquinanti sono, infatti, temi centrali nel dibattito internazionale, e presentano importanti ripercussioni sotto il profilo di politica energetica e climatica. Nel presente lavoro è stata svolta un’analisi empirica sull’andamento dell’efficienza energetica in termini di elasticità di sostituzione, per 29 paesi OCSE (1975-2007), con l’obiettivo di studiare il ruolo nell’energia nei processi produttivi e di presentare alcune implicazioni in termini di policy.During the last decades, the relationships between economic system and the environment have gained in importance, one reason being the peculiarity of the existing energy system. Sustainability in growth processes and the need of reducing the concentrations of polluting agents have become central themes in the international agenda and have meaningful consequences with respect to energy and climate policy. In this paper an empirical analysis on energy efficiency, in terms of substitution elasticity for 29 OECD countries (1975-2007), is presented with the purpose of studying the role of energy in production processes and analysing the related policy implications
Elasticity of substitution in capital-energy relationships: how central is a sector-based panel estimation approach?
Full text linkThe challenging climate change reduction policies envisaged by current international negotiations have fuelled the debate on abatement cost assessment. One specific issue under investigation is the role of behavioural parameters in influencing cost assessment results. This paper specifically addresses the computation of energy-output and capitalenergy substitution elasticity values in ten manufacturing sectors for OECD countries. The paper contains five novelties with regard to the existing literature: i) energy-output elasticities are computed for disaggregated manufacturing sectors for a long time span (1970-2008) for a panel of 21 OECD countries; ii) capital-energy substitution elasticity is estimated at aggregate level for the whole manufacturing sector for the same longitudinal dataset; iii) capital-energy substitution elasticities are also accurately estimated for 10 distinguished manufacturing sectors ; iv) average substitution values at sector level are computed by comparing several alternative econometric estimation methods; v) average substitution values at sector level are also computed for separate sub-periods in order to trace the dynamics over time of these behavioural parameters. These results should constitute the basis for sensitivity analysis for several forecasting economic models by computing abatement costs derived from climate change policies
Elasticity of substitution in capital-energy relationships: how central is a sector-based panel estimation approach?
No full textThe challenging climate change reduction policies envisaged by current international
negotiations have fuelled the debate on abatement cost assessment. One specific issue
under investigation is the role of behavioural parameters in influencing cost assessment
results. This paper specifically addresses the computation of energy-output and capitalenergy
substitution elasticity values in ten manufacturing sectors for OECD countries.
The paper contains five novelties with regard to the existing literature: i) energy-output
elasticities are computed for disaggregated manufacturing sectors for a long time span
(1970-2008) for a panel of 21 OECD countries; ii) capital-energy substitution elasticity is
estimated at aggregate level for the whole manufacturing sector for the same longitudinal
dataset; iii) capital-energy substitution elasticities are also accurately estimated for 10
distinguished manufacturing sectors ; iv) average substitution values at sector level are
computed by comparing several alternative econometric estimation methods; v) average
substitution values at sector level are also computed for separate sub-periods in order to
trace the dynamics over time of these behavioural parameters. These results should
constitute the basis for sensitivity analysis for several forecasting economic models by
computing abatement costs derived from climate change policies
THE EMPLOYMENT IMPACT OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ACTIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN INDUSTRIES
Full text linkThis paper investigates the effects of private and public actions for energy efficiency on EU employment dynamics, relying on an econometric analysis on a sector-based panel dataset for 15 EU countries (1995-2009). Results show that after accounting for the sectoral output growth, investment and innovation activities, sectoral energy efficiency gains display a negative effect on employment growth, especially in energy intensive industries. Conversely, public actions towards energy efficiency may produce positive effects on employment dynamics. Indeed, the higher incidence of taxation on energy costs, the energy efficiency gains realized in the public sector industries and the implementation of a comprehensive policy mix at the country level, are factors positively influencing employment growth. This evidence highlights the complexity of the nexus between energy efficiency and employment dynamics, suggesting that superior employment performances can be achieved when complementarity effects between productivity enhancing activities and energy efficiency actions are realized
Fossil fuels subsidy removal and the EU carbon neutrality policy
Full text linkThe complexity of the EU carbon neutrality policy is addressed by evaluating the impacts of the interaction among different policy instruments. An energy-economic dynamic CGE model based on GTAP utilities is developed for simulating different policy scenarios starting from a business as usual case where the economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery measures are included. The instruments tested as part of the EU climate strategy are the removal of fossil-fuel consumption subsidies, a carbon pricing mechanism and the public support to clean energy technologies. The modelling approach is based on a revenue recycling mechanism to finance clean energy technologies. We find that the simultaneous implementation of all instruments under the EU climate strategy including the removal of subsidies to fossil fuels and the reuse of revenues to foster the technological transition of the energy system is a win-win solution for a sustainable and decarbonised EU economy
Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and environmental performance in European industries
No full textThe introduction and adoption of green technologies are considered the most cost effective way to reduce environmental pressure without compromising economic competitiveness. The scientific literature has emphasized the crucial role played by diffusion pathways of green technologies along the supply value chain, but empirical quantitative findings on the effectiveness of green technologies in improving environmental performance are scarce. The objective of this paper is to highlight the role of inter-sectoral linkages in shaping the influence played by eco-innovations on sectoral environmental performance. Empirical findings show that both the direct and indirect effects of eco-innovations help reducing environmental stress and that the strength of these impacts varies across the value chain depending on the technology adopted and the type of pollutant under scrutiny. The main implications we can deduce are that, first both corporate and policy governance strategies should specifically address the goal of maximizing environmental gains that can be achieved through the development and adoption of clean technologies along the supply chain, and second both strategies should be coordinated in order to minimize the costs for reducing environmental pressures
Knowledge spillovers through high-skilled migration network. Evidence from OECD countries
Full text linkWe investigate the role of international high-skilled migrants in diffusing innovation from origin to destination countries by assessing their impact on the production of knowledge in host countries. Since better innovation performances can be mechanically correlated with a larger presence of high-skilled immigrants, we propose a new identification strategy to account for migrants’ self-selection into the migration network and sort out potential endogeneity bias. Our results, tested on a panel of 20 OECD countries (1987–2016), show that i) high-skilled migration magnifies the effect of internal knowledge in improving national innovation performances (while middle- or low-skilled migration flows have no statistically significant effect); ii) knowledge spillovers are stronger if origin and destination countries assign similar share of their public R&D budget across the same technological fields; iii) the contribution of high-skilled migrants is most valuable when host countries are relatively lagging behind in active research and innovation policies
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