1,293 research outputs found
Regulation of gene expression by 17β-estradiol in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse through ERE-dependent and ERE-independent mechanisms
No full text17β-Estradiol (E2) modulates gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) to control homeostatic functions. In the ARC, estrogen receptor (ER) α is highly expressed and is an important contributor to E2's actions, controlling gene expression through estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine if known E2-regulated genes are regulated through these mechanisms. The selected genes have been shown to regulate homeostasis and have been separated into three subsections: channels, receptors, and neuropeptides. To determine if ERE-dependent or ERE-independent mechanisms regulate gene expression, two transgenic mouse models, an ERα knock-out (ERKO) and an ERα knock-in/knock-out (KIKO), which lacks a functional ERE binding domain, were used in addition to their wild-type littermates. Females of all genotypes were ovariectomized and injected with oil or estradiol benzoate (E2B). Our results suggest that E2B regulates multiple genes through these mechanisms. Of note, Cacna1g and Kcnmb1 channel expression was increased by E2B in WT females only, suggesting an ERE-dependent regulation. Furthermore, the NKB receptor, Tac3r, was suppressed by E2B in WT and KIKO females but not ERKO females, suggesting that ERα-dependent, ERE-independent signaling is necessary for Tac3r regulation. The adrenergic receptor Adra1b was suppressed by E2B in all genotypes indicating that ERα is not the primary receptor for E2B's actions. The neuropeptide Tac2 was suppressed by E2B through ERE-dependent mechanisms. These results indicate that E2B activates both ERα-dependent and independent signaling in the ARC through ERE-dependent and ERE-independent mechanisms to control gene expression.Peer reviewe
Linoleic acid causes greater weight gain than saturated fat without hypothalamic inflammation in the male mouse
No full textA significant change in the Western diet, concurrent with the obesity epidemic, was a substitution of saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated, specifically linoleic acid (LA). Despite increasing investigation on type as well as amount of fat, it is unclear which fatty acids are most obesogenic. The objective of this study was to determine the obesogenic potency of LA vs. saturated fatty acids and the involvement of hypothalamic inflammation. Forty-eight mice were divided into four groups: low-fat or three high-fat diets (HFDs, 45% kcals from fat) with LA comprising 1%, 15% and 22.5% of kilocalories, the balance being saturated fatty acids. Over 12 weeks, bodyweight, body composition, food intake, calorimetry, and glycemia assays were performed. Arcuate nucleus and blood were collected for mRNA and protein analysis. All HFD-fed mice were heavier and less glucose tolerant than control. The diet with 22.5% LA caused greater bodyweight gain, decreased activity, and insulin resistance compared to control and 1% LA. All HFDs elevated leptin and decreased ghrelin in plasma. Neuropeptides gene expression was higher in 22.5% HFD. The inflammatory gene Ikk was suppressed in 1% and 22.5% LA. No consistent pattern of inflammatory gene expression was observed, with suppression and augmentation of genes by one or all of the HFDs relative to control. These data indicate that, in male mice, LA induces obesity and insulin resistance and reduces activity more than saturated fat, supporting the hypothesis that increased LA intake may be a contributor to the obesity epidemic.Peer reviewe
Estrogen response element-independent signaling partially restores post-ovariectomy body weight gain but is not sufficient for 17β-estradiol's control of energy homeostasis
No full textThe steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates energy homeostasis by reducing feeding behavior and increasing energy expenditure primarily through estrogen receptor α (ERα)-mediated mechanisms. Intact ERαKO female mice develop obesity as adults exhibiting decreased energy expenditure and increased fat deposition. However, intact transgenic female mice expressing a DNA-binding-deficient ERα (KIKO) are not obese and have similar energy expenditure, activity and fat deposition as to wild type (WT) females, suggesting that non-estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated signaling is important in E2 regulation of energy homeostasis. Initial reports did not examine the effects of ovariectomy on energy homeostasis or E2's attenuation of post-ovariectomy body weight gain. Therefore, we sought to determine if low physiological doses of E2 (250 ng QOD) known to suppress post-ovariectomy body weight gain in WT females would suppress body weight gain in ovariectomized KIKO females. We observed that the post-ovariectomy increase in body weight was significantly greater in WT females than in KIKO females. Furthermore, E2 did not significantly attenuate the body weight gain in KIKO females as it did in WT females. E2 replacement suppressed food intake and fat accumulation while increasing nighttime oxygen consumption and activity only in WT females. E2 replacement also increased arcuate POMC gene expression in WT females only. These data suggest that in the intact female, ERE-independent mechanisms are sufficient to maintain normal energy homeostasis and to partially restore the normal response to ovariectomy. However, they are not sufficient for E2's suppression of post-ovariectomy body weight gain and its effects on metabolism and activity.Peer reviewe
Kyle Haselden
No full textKyle Emerson Haselden, D.D., Class of 1934, was a distinguished Baptist minister, author and editor. He authored three books, including 'The Racial Problem in Christian Perspective' published in 1959. He was also the editor of 'The Christian Century.' He is a Charter Member of the Furman University Hall of Fame
First person – Kyle Wegner
No full textFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Kyle Wegner is first author on ‘Edar is a downstream target of beta-catenin and drives collagen accumulation in the mouse prostate’, published in BIO. Kyle is a PhD candidate in the lab of Chad M. Vezina at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, investigating principles of toxicology and urology to evaluate mechanisms of urinary dysfunction in aging men
Regulation of arcuate genes by developmental exposures to endocrine-disrupting compounds in female rats
No full textDevelopmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) alters reproduction and energy homeostasis, both of which are regulated by the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Little is known about the effects of EDC on ARC gene expression. In Experiment #1, pregnant dams were treated with either two doses of bisphenol A (BPA) or oil from embryonic day (E)18-21. Neonates were injected from postnatal day (PND)0-7. Vaginal opening, body weights, and ARC gene expression were measured. Chrm3 (muscarinic receptor 3) and Adipor1 (adiponectin receptor 1) were decreased by BPA. Bdnf (brain-derived neurotropic factor), Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), Htr2c (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor), and Cck2r (cholescystokinin 2 receptor) were impacted. In Experiment #2, females were exposed to BPA, diethylstilbestrol (DES), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or methoxychlor (MXC) during E11-PND7. MXC and DES advanced the age of vaginal opening and ARC gene expression was impacted. These data indicate that EDCs alter ARC genes involved in reproduction and energy homeostasis in females.Peer reviewe
005 - Kyle Singer
No full textI highlight the importance of flaws, trauma, and repression by evoking concepts of “the unconscious” through surrealist methodologies. Considering all that is suppressed/repressed within my psyche to form the culturally accepted version of myself, and by examining the distance between my identity, and the repressed self. Engaging the viewers through superabundance, tackling issues of consumerism with construction that grapples with the excess of daily life. I question aesthetic value, moral responsibility, and political agency in my efforts to sublimate the abject. The abject touches on the fragility of our boundaries and the spatial distinction between our interiority and exteriority. My art stems from an insatiable appetite for new materials and compulsive ways I can explore new methods and processes. The impetus for my work is a cultural and political critique imbued with my own flavor of cynicism and disillusionment. I endeavor to destabilize perceptions by creating overwhelming masses of matter and meaning; meant to be all-consuming. This non-hierarchical kind of making causes a slow unraveling of my work allowing for an unpredictable composition and use of materials.The abject deals with a vast array of issues such as marginalized people, mortality, boundaries, and repulsion. It is usually used to describe the human reaction to horror and threatens to breakdown meaning by causing the loss of distinction between subject and object; between self and other. In an era of mass displacement due to natural and political disasters, this conceptually interest me and seem particularly relevant. The abject calls into question hierarchical values that allows for the dispersion and displacement of people: whether it be refugees, or low in-come families pushed out by gentrification. In the age of information, we have become incredibly efficient at codifying people and separating them from their personhood and seeing them only as replaceable objects with a set value; as a cluster of information to be used and exploited for profits. I plan to continue exploring the possibilities of media combination and new technologies. I am currently working with laser cutting, 3D printing, 3D scanning and the CNC machine. I am trying to explore new ways of misusing the machinery as a chance operation that allows the ebbs, flows, and limitations of the process itself to become a way of making. These new processes drastically change the way we think about construction and the possibilities of form. It blurs the boundaries between the hand-made and the mass-produced, dovetailing nicely with my ideas of consumerist cultural critique.College of Liberal Arts - Highest Achievement - Visual and Performing Arts
209 - Kyle Matthew Nardi
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Atmospheric rivers (ARs), narrow corridors of high atmospheric water vapor transport, influence large regions of the West Coast of North America, from southern California to British Columbia and Alaska. Regardless of location, areas influenced by landfalling ARs face various threats and disruptions from excessive rainfall and associated runoff. Therefore, improving forecasts of AR occurrence and characteristics is of great importance to those responsible for protecting life and property. When providing the public with outlooks and warnings related to ARs, forecasters must confront the challenge of assessing the output of different numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Specifically, forecasters must understand how performance varies across different time scales, geographical regions, and individual models. Prior work, such as Wick et al. (2013), has examined the forecast skill
of several NWP models at different lead times, yet as models are continuously updated, a fresh perspective on AR forecast performance is desired. This study aims to assess how different weather forecast models perform at varying lead times and for distinct regions of the West Coast of North America. Re-forecasts from several operational NWP models, obtained from the International S2S Project Database, are run out to approximately 60 days. An atmospheric river detection algorithm is applied to the model output in order to quantify how the models handle such features. The study examines atmospheric river re-forecasts for the West Coast of North America as well as three non-overlapping sub-regions along the coast. The first sub-region extends from southern California to the Oregon border. The second sub-region covers the Pacific Northwest from southern Oregon to the northern extent of Vancouver Island. The third and final sub-region consists of the coasts of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Together, these regions represent a large fraction of the AR landfall locations for western North America. Model performance is studied through the lens of AR occurrence, intensity, and location. Results indicate variations in re-forecast skill as a function of lead time, geographic region, and model used. A desired near-term outcome of this work is an increased awareness of both the utility and limitations of NWP models in the prediction of atmospheric river events at short, medium, and long-range leads. A desired long-term outcome is the use of these results as a bridge to understanding what gives rise to the differing characters of atmospheric rivers over the northeast Pacific and how models can improve their depictions of such features
Gods, Spirits, People
No full textIn this chapter we will be looking at primary sources that deal specifically with human interaction with non-human entities – in particular, gods and spirits. You might initially categorise this as religious history, or even the history of religion and, to a certain extent, you would be right. Nevertheless, aside from the problems inherent in defining the term ‘religion’, there is a significant difference between our approach and the standard academic consideration of religious systems and the place of people and entities within them. In the following chapter we will be challenging you to build on the most recent shifts in religious history scholarship and to engage with all the historical actors that appear in the primary sources – not just humans, but the gods and spirits that they venerate and which intervene in different ways in their daily lives.book chapterThis is a chapter on the theme of 'Gods, Spirits, People' by Dr Andrew Redden and Dr Kyle Jackson. The chapter supports the material available in the 'Gods, Spirits, People' collection of Using Primary Sources: A Practical Guide for Students, an Open Access e-textbook. You will find the record for these materials at: https://kora.kpu.ca/islandora/object/kora:580
The entire textbook is available at: https://liverpooluniversitypress.manifoldapp.org/projects/using-primary-source
Competition and Cooperation in the U.S. Liner Industry : A Case Study of the North Atlantic Trade Routes
No full textDTR557-P-80466RUEBEN KYLE MIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE ADDL PLACE OF PUBLCATION: SPRINGFIELD, VA ADDL PUBLISHER: NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE COVER TITLE SPONSORED BY THE U.S. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION UNDER CONTRACT TO THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER MARCH 1985 CONTRACT NO.: DTR557-P-80466 ADDL CORP. AUTHOR INFO: UNITED STATES. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION ADDL CORP. AUTHOR INFO: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER ADDL CORP. AUTHOR INFO: MIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY. DEPT. OF ECONOMICS AND FINANC
- …
