121,597 research outputs found
The arachidonate-dependent survival signaling preventing toxicity in monocytes/macrophages exposed to peroxynitrite.
No full textCelts belonging to the monocyte/macrophage lineage are in general highly resistant to peroxynitrite. Resistance is not dependent on the scavenging of peroxynitrite itself, or of other secondary reactive species, but is rather associated with the prompt activation of a survival signaling leading to the prevention of toxicity in cells otherwise committed to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-dependent necrosis. The signaling pathway is triggered by cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-released arachidonic acid, leading to the sequential activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and protein kinase C alpha, an event associated with the cytosolic accumulation of Bad. Hence, inhibition of 5-1-0 (or that of any of the aforementioned enzymes involved in the signaling cascade) was associated with the mitochondrial accumulation of Bad and Bax and with a rapid MPT-dependent toxicity. These results contribute to the definition of the mechanism(s) whereby monocytes/macrophages survive to peroxynitrite in inflamed tissues and provide insights for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies based on the suppression of inflammatory cell survival
Feedlot and Packer Pricing Behavior: Implications for Competition Research
No full textSeldom are observed losing bids available in industry data. A special workshop of the Fed Cattle Market Simulator was designed to capture bids for each pen of cattle traded. Data enabled identifying buyer and seller behavior in the price discovery process, both before and after imposed mergers of the two largest and two smallest packer teams. Highest losing bids also were estimated with packer bid functions and compared with observed highest losing bids. An estimated price discovery model indicated market structure as measured by number of buyers was more important than simply the number of bids or size of transactions.Buyer behavior, Competition, Fed cattle, Marketing, Pricing, Seller behavior, Livestock Production/Industries,
FIGURES 8A–M. Chilicola granulosa Packer, n in Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae)
No full textFIGURES 8A–M. Chilicola granulosa Packer, n. sp. Head of male: A. frontal view, B. lateral view. C. frontal view of female head. Male: D. labrum. E. pronotum. F. Hind leg. G–I. Male terminalia. G. S7. H. S8. I. genital capsule. Dorsal views are to the left. J–L. Sting apparatus of female: J. hemitergite 7, K. hemitergite 8, L. First and second valvifer with gonostylus. M. sting shaft. Stippling in A indicates pale colouration, elsewhere it indicates membranous regions.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
No.531 Marcia Edgley Packer
No full textTranscript (56 pages) of interview by Becky B. Lloyd with Marcia Edgley Packer on February 6, 2010Packer (b. 1946) was born in Preston, Idaho. She tells about her early family life. She contracted polio at age six, in September 1952. She describes what she remembers about getting sick. At home she received heat treatment, which she describes. She was taken to a doctor for a spinal tap and sent to St. Anthony\u27s Hospital in Pocatello when polio was suspected. She remembers experiencing pain and fever for some time, which she describes. While in the hospital, she was given penicillin. She was in an iron lung for a period of time, of which experience she has no direct recollection. After ten days she was sent to the Elk\u27s Convalescent Home (rehabilitative hospital) in Boise and was treated there from September 1952 to April 1953. At the time of her admission, her legs were completely immobile. She received a variety of therapies there, including stretching, resistance exercises and soaking in a Hubbard tank. She began to regain mobility by first learning to crawl. She was fitted with braces and crutches in October and received training in uses of those, including how to fall and get back up again. She describes her hospital recollections, activities and experiences. After discharge from Elk\u27s, she continued with exercises at home. She started a series of corrective surgeries at Primary Children\u27s Hospital in Salt Lake beginning at age ten, and continuing each summer until age sixteen. She discusses those surgeries and her recollections of Primary Children\u27s. Ms. Packer discusses post-polio syndrome, it effects and manifestations. She completed a degree in social work, married, and gave birth to three children. She has served in numerous political and community volunteer positions throughout her adult life. This interview is part of the Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloy
FIGURES 9A–O. Chilicola biguttata Packer, n in Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae)
No full textFIGURES 9A–O. Chilicola biguttata Packer, n. sp. Head of male: A. frontal view, B. lateral view. C. frontal view of female head. Male: D. male antenna. E. pronotum. F. Male hind leg. G. Female foretarsus. H–K. Male terminalia. H. S7. I. S8. J. genital capsule lateral view, K. same. Dorsal views are to the left. L–P. Sting apparatus of female: L. hemitergite 7, M. hemitergite 8, N. First and second valvifer with gonostylus and sting shaft (latter broken in specimen), O–P. Furcula in dorsal and lateral views respectively. Stippling in A–C and F indicates pale colouration, elsewhere it indicates membranous regions.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 16 A–O) Diagnosis. This is a somewhat isolated species, perhaps most closely related to Toro and Moldenke’s Heteroediscelis (Packer, in press). It can be most readily separated from all other Chilicola in the male, by the long setae towards the apices of the apical flagellomeres (Fig. 16 A). The form of the hind trochanter is also unique (Fig. 16 D and E). Females differ from other Chilicola with apical hair patches on the metasomal terga and unmodified hind tibial spurs by the comparatively deep depressions dorsal of the antennal socket, which seem to house the scape. Only one other species matches this description, and Chilicola neffi Toro and Moldenke, has deeper and narrower frontal depressions but the females can be instantly differentiated by the maroon coloured metasoma of C. neffi, as well as by the latter species’ smaller size and location in coastal Chile rather than montane northwest Argentina. Description. Male: Length 6.0mm, forewing length 4.0mm, head width 1.4mm. Colouration: Black-brown with following parts yellow: Basal portion of labrum (rest dark brown), mandible (apex dark brown), clypeus except adjacent to epistomal suture, mark on lower paraocular area up to level of ventral margin of supraclypeal area, apicoventral spot on hind tibia. Following parts orange: Ventral surface of antennal flagellum, dorsal and anterior surfaces of foretibia, forebasitarsus, forepretarsus, S 2 and S 3 orange anterior to submarginal zone and all of S 6. Wing veins and tegula dark brown. T 1 and T 2 dark brown, narrowly orange anterior to translucent amber apical impressed areas. Surface Sculpture: Labrum shining with dense punctures basally (i~d) sparsely punctate apically (i= 2– 3 d). Clypeus with punctures small and dense apically (i~d), sparser towards base. Supraclypeal and lower and upper paraocular areas with strongly imbricate microsculpture, appearing almost granular and with small, sparse, irregularly spaced punctures (i = 1–5 d). Upper paraocular area with larger punctures. Frons with punctures crowded and sharp edged, very variable in size; area immediately below lateral ocelli with few, large punctures. Vertex behind ocelli rugose, laterally with dense punctures. Genal area with weak, elongate punctures on longitudinally microstriate background, shiny. Pronotum and metanotum roughly and densely punctate (id. Pubescence: Hairs short and sparse, except on gena, frons, mesopleuron and lateral surface of propodeum 1–2 MOD. Scopal hairs of hind tibia 2 MOD. Sparse basal hair bands on T 2 and T 3 and apicolaterally on T 2 – T 4. Scopa of S 2 corbiculate, hairs long 2.5 MOD, with branches only on anterior surface, scopal hairs of S 3 somewhat shorter 2 MOD. Structure: Maxillary palpus with segments increasing in length and decreasing in breadth from first to last, 0.7 X as long as prementum. Prementum 0.4 X as broad as long, with fovea covering most of ventral surface, margins strongly carinate. Lacinia an elongate triangle, 4 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum poorly sclerotised, less than 0.33 X as long as cardo. Clypeus with transverse apical depression for middle half of its width, extending one third below lower ocular tangent. Compound eyes less convergent below (Fig. 16 C), UOD:LOD 52: 40. IOC:OOC 17: 14. Frons swollen midway between lateral ocelli and antennae, swellings delimiting medial margin of supra-antennal depression. Dorsal surface of propodeum shorter, ratio of length to scutellum, 18: 22. Apical lunule of S 5 broadly U-shaped, 2 X as broad as long. Sting apparatus: As in Fig. 16 K–O. Lateral portion of marginal ridge of hemitergite 7 with two obtuse angles, one where margin of apodemal region meets ridge, second one just anterior to origin of lateral process; apodemes to spiracular atrium large (Fig. 16 K). Hemitergite 8 with plate and apodeme subequal in size, anterior ridge of apodeme slightly sinuate, junction between plate and apodeme straight (Fig. 16 L). First valvifer with dorsal and ventral processes equal in length. Second valvifer with pars articularis acutely angled, incisura postarticularis narrow and parallel-sided. Base of sting shaft with processus medianus moderately developed ventrally (Fig. 16 M). Furcula with ventral arms somewhat narrow, widely spaced forming broad U; dorsal arm comparatively broad, abruptly narrowing to apex; sinuate and narrow in side view (Figs. 16 N and O). Material studied. Holotype male, allotype female, one male and four female paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta, Cuesta de Obispo, 1km E. of Piedra de Molina, 25 o 11 ’ 152 ” S 0 65 o 51 ’ 236 ”W, 3340m, 20.iv. 2003, L. Packer; one female paratype, Salta, Cuesta Obispo, iii. 1997, Fritz. All specimens except the one collected by Fritz were found as adults in hollow stems of an unidentified shrub except both males and one female that emerged later the same year from nests obtained at the site. The holotype, allotype and one female paratype are at MACN, the remaining paratypes are at PYU except Fritz’s specimen, which is at AMNH. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the setation on the more apical antennal flagella of the male. Comments. This species generally agrees with that section of Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Heteroediscelis that was subsequently sunk within Oediscelis by Michener, (1995), (i.e. those species possessing a highly modified hind femur and tibia in the males). It can be differentiated from these species by the long antennal flagellomeres and form of the hind tibia, which is considerably expanded, but unlike Heteroediscelis with an expanded hind tiba, it lacks an incision just before the apex. The antennae are more reminiscent of C. (Oediscelis) vernalis Philippi and C. (O.) lonco Toro & Moldenke, although these latter two species lack the setation. It would seem to be somewhat isolated morphologically. This is another interesting new species of Chilicola discovered in and primarily known from specimens obtained from nests. Other examples of species known only from nests include several species of the subgenus Oroediscelis (Michener 2000; L. Packer unpublished data), C. venticola Packer (Packer 2004), C. (Anoediscelis) paramo González and Michener (González and Michener 2004) and also an undescribed species with affinities to C. inermis and C. mailen, known from a single gynandromorph collected by the senior author at the same locality and in stems of the same shrub that yielded the type series of C. setosicornis. Undescribed species in the subgenera Oroediscelis and Anoediscelis were also found in the same stems.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
FIGURES 3A–M. Chilicola obesifrons Packer, n in Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae)
No full textFIGURES 3A–M. Chilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp. Male head: A. frontal view, B. lateral view. Female head: C. frontal view, D. lateral view. E. pronotum of male. F. surface sculpture of pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum of female. G. Hind leg of male. H–J. Terminalia of male: H. S7, I. S8, J. genital capsule. Dorsal views are to the left, ventral to the right. K–M. Sting apparatus of female: K. hemitergite 7, L. hemitergite 8, M. first and second valvifers with sting shaft. Stippling in A and G shows areas of pale colouration, in H it refers to dark colouration on a translucent background, in J and M it indicates membranous regions; dotted lines in A and C show outline of swollen, impunctate areas.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
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