194 research outputs found
Studies of nucleon-gold collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair using tagged d+Au interactions
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-212).The spectra of charged hadrons produced near mid-rapidity in d+Au, p+Au and n+Au collisions at - = 200 GeV are presented as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. These measurements were performed using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Nucleon-nucleus interactions were extracted from the d+Au data by identifying the deuteron spectators. The deuteron spectators were measured using two calorimeters; one that detected forward-going single neutrons and a newly installed calorimeter that detected forward-going single protons. The large suppression of high-pr hadron production in central Au+Au interactions relative to a naive superposition of p+p collisions has been interpreted as evidence of partonic energy loss in a dense medium. This interpretation is founded upon the absence of such suppression in the yield of d+Au collisions. The validity of using d+Au interactions in place of a nucleon-nucleus reference is tested. It is shown that hadron production in d+Au agrees with a simple binary collision scaling of hadron production in p+Au. An ideal reference for Au+Au collisions is constructed using a weighted combination of p+Au and n+Au yields and is found to be similar to the d+Au reference.(cont.) Further, hadron production in p+Au interactions is compared to that of n+Au interactions. The single charge difference between a p+Au and a n+Au collision allows for a unique study of the ability of the interaction to transport the proton from the initial deuteron to mid-rapidity. However, no asymmetry between the positively and negatively charged hadron spectra of p+Au and n+Au interactions is observed at (qr) = 0.8. Collision centrality was determined using several different observables, including those based on the multiplicity in different regions of pseudorapidity and those based on the amount of nuclear spectator material. It is shown that measurements made on small collision systems in the mid-rapidity region are biased by centrality variables based on the mid-rapidity multiplicity. Despite this bias, a smooth evolution with centrality is observed in the Cronin enhancement of hadrons produced in d+Au collisions. It is shown that this smooth progression is independent of the choice of centrality variable when centrality is parametrized by the multiplicity measured near mid-rapidity.by Corey Reed.Ph.D
INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT TRANSPORT AND SCATTERING IN TURBULENT CLOUDS: SIMULATIONS AND LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS
No full textA better understanding of light transport and scattering in turbulent clouds is needed for more accurate remote sensing, improved imaging and signal transmission through atmospheric aerosol and fog, and deeper understanding of cloud optical properties relevant to weather and climate. In this study, we investigate the impact of light scattering in clouds on two problems of atmospheric relevance.
In the first part, we examine deleterious effects of the atmosphere on remotely acquired images including signal attenuation and potential blurring due to forward-scattered light accepted by the imaging system. A prior proposed aerosol scattering model provides a method for calculating the contrast and spatial detail expected when imaging through atmospheres with significant aerosol optical depth. We compare modulation transfer functions obtained directly from images taken through a cloud chamber to those calculated from theory using measured cloud properties. We find that the significance of scattering-induced optical blurring depends sensitively on the properties of both the particles and the imaging system. The theoretical aerosol expression modulation transfer function capture the basic behavior of the system, with deviations likely a result of not accounting for broad particle size distributions.
In the second part, we investigate how clusters and voids in the spatial distributions of particles within a cloud cause light transport to deviate from the exponential extinction law. We explore both perfectly random and correlated scattering media with a Monte Carlo ray tracing program, and find that the degree of non-exponential attenuation can be characterized by the radial distribution function. Our numerical observations regarding direct, diffuse and backward radiative transfer are shown to be consistent with a previous “cloudlet” approach, providing a bridge between the analytical cloudlet model and continuous correlation function approaches. Finally, we numerically explore light propagation through turbulent clouds with polydisperse size distributions calculated by a large eddy simulation of the MTU Pi Chamber. We find that both the mean and standard deviation of direct and diffuse forward flux change when clustering exists, and make suggestions for future laboratory cloud chamber experiments to detect the presence of spatial correlation
From Mendel to me: Constructing genetics knowledge through historical problem-based learning
No full textJournal Articl
LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES IN GRAIN EXPORTING
No full textDuring the past decade, the grain shipping industry has become highly competitive and technologically advanced. These changes, along with the introduction of innovative shipping mechanisms, have made logistics management an important source of opportunity and risk for grain shippers. In this study, a stochastic simulation model was developed to evaluate the tradeoffs and effects of key variables on logistical performance in managing the grain supply chain. Average demurrage cost for the supply chain was $2.03 million with the greatest cost being for railcars and the least cost being for barges. Of the stochastic variables modeled, changes in export demand had the greatest impact on demurrage costs.Supply Chain, Grain Shipping, Logistics, Demurrage, Guaranteed Freight, Industrial Organization,
Ceftaroline: A cephalosporin with expanded Gram-positive activity
No full textInfections caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now posing a major health risk for patients in hospital and community settings. There is a need to evaluate new antibiotics that would offer reliable clinical efficacy combined with a favorable safety profile for the treatment of such infections. Ceftaroline is a new member of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics with expanded activity against Gram-positive pathogens such as MRSA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, while retaining good activity against common Gram-negative organisms. Phase II and III studies have shown ceftaroline to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment-tor complicated skin and skin-structure infections compared with standard therapy. Trials are ongoing in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. © 2009 Future Medicine.Andes D, 2006, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V50, P1376, DOI 10.1128-AAC.50.4.1376-1383.2006; [Anonymous], 2006, M100S16 CLSI; BARRY PM, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; Bo G, 2000, CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC, V6, P6; COREY GR, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; Fenoll A, 2008, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V52, P4209, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00712-08; Ge Y, 2006, 46 ANN INT C ANT AG; Ge Y, 2008, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V52, P3398, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00149-08; Hinshaw RR, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; Iizawa Yuji, 2004, Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, V10, P146; Ishikawa T, 2003, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V11, P2427, DOI 10.1016-S0968-0896(03)00126-3; JACQUELINE C, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; JACQUELINE C, 2006, 46 ANN INT C ANT AG; Jacqueline C, 2007, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V51, P3397, DOI 10.1128-AAC.01242-06; Kanafani ZA, 2006, ENFERM INFEC MICR CL, V24, P182, DOI 10.1157-13086552; Mariani PG, 2006, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V58, P481, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkl256; MOISE PA, 2000, ANTIMICROB AGENTS S1, V16, pS31; Mushtaq S, 2007, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V60, P300, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkm150; Riccobene T, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; Sader HS, 2008, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V52, P1153, DOI 10.1128-AAC.01351-07; Sader HS, 2005, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V49, P3501, DOI 10.1128-AAC.49.8.3501-3512.2005; Sakoulas G, 2004, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V42, P2398, DOI 10.1128-JCM.42.6.2398-2402.2004; SARAVOLATZ LD, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; SCHAADT RD, 2007, 47 ANN INT C ANT AG; Silverman JA, 2005, J INFECT DIS, V191, P2149, DOI 10.1086-430352; Talbot GH, 2007, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V51, P3612, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00590-07; Tenover FC, 2007, CLIN INFECT DIS, V44, P1208, DOI 10.1086-513203; VIDAILLAC C, 2008, 48 ANN INT C ANT AG; Villegas-Estrada A, 2008, J AM CHEM SOC, V130, P9212, DOI 10.1021-ja8029448; Woods CW, 2004, CLIN INFECT DIS, V38, P1188, DOI 10.1086-383027; XIONG YQ, 2007, 47 ANN INT C ANT AG24181
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Media, His Physical Image, and Teaching Implications
No full textThis thesis consists of three distinct chapters, each with a focus on the general theme of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the media, and his image. Chapter I is a historiography that traces the scholarly discussion of Roosevelt and the media from the late 1970s until the early 21st century. It argues that there was a shift in research that occurred in the 1980s. Where scholarship originally focused intently on how FDR used the media to run the country, it transitioned towards an exclusive concentration on how he used the media to minimize the public’s perception of his disability. Chapter II consists of primary research with two objectives. First, it exposes how FDR projected an image of health, activity, and masculinity in order to inspire confidence in his ability to lead during his time period; and second, it compares that public image to the one that has evolved over the past 68 years since his death—particularly in relation to his disability. The author analyzes a combination of memorials, museums, and historic sites that focus on FDR to expose society’s contemporary public image of Franklin Roosevelt. The author discovers that FDR’s contemporary public image is a complex one, filled with some sites that are reluctant to embrace his paralysis and some that do so passionately; nevertheless, it appears that a general trend is developing toward accepting the role of Roosevelt’s disability in his public image. Chapter III focuses on making the information in Chapter I and II applicable to teaching. It identifies four evidence-based teaching strategies and discusses them in relation to six destinations. Each of these destinations will facilitate lessons and fieldtrips targeted at fostering deeper level thinking while studying Franklin Roosevelt’s use of the media and the manipulation of his image. Chapter III concludes with a list of material resources that would supplement these destinations including films, digital resources, CDs, and primary and secondary literature.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
Hyperspectral target detection analysis of a cluttered scene from a virtual airborne sensor platform using MuSES
No full textTedizolid (TR-701): A new oxazolidinone with enhanced potency
No full textIntroduction: Tedizolid phosphate (TR-701) is a new oxazolidinone prodrug that is transformed in the serum into the active drug tedizolid (TR-700). Tedizolid acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and has broad activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including strains that are resistant to linezolid. Areas covered: This review summarizes the currently available data on this new antimicrobial agent. In vitro activity, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and safety are all addressed. Expert opinion: Tedizolid will provide a useful addition to the antimicrobial armamentarium, particularly in complicated skin and skin structure infections, due to its high oral bioavailability and once-daily dosing. The results of future studies will serve to better position tedizolid among the newly approved agents for infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd.[Anonymous], 2001, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V29, P404; Betriu C, 2010, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V54, P2212, DOI 10.1128-AAC.01653-09; Bien P., 2010, 50 INT C ANT AG CHEM; Brown SD, 2010, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V54, P2063, DOI 10.1128-AAC.01569-09; Chang S, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V348, P1342, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa025025; Colak D, 2002, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V50, P397, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkf134; Colca JR, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P21972, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M302109200; Dreskin H, 2011, 51 INT C ANT AG CHEM; Falagas ME, 2006, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V58, P273, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkl219; Fluit AC, 2001, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V39, P3727, DOI 10.1128-JCM.39.10.3727-3732.2001; Fridkin SK, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V352, P1436, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa043252; Gould IM, 2008, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V31, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0924-8579(08)70002-5; Hiramatsu K, 1997, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V40, P135, DOI 10.1093-jac-40.1.135; Housman ST, 2011, 51 INT C ANT AG CHEM; Hsueh PR, 1999, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V20, P828, DOI 10.1086-501592; Im WB, 2011, EUR J MED CHEM, V46, P1027, DOI 10.1016-j.ejmech.2011.01.014; Jacobson LM, 2009, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V28, P445, DOI 10.1097-INF.0b013e3181927891; Jones RN, 2009, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V63, P716, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkp021; Keel RA, 2011, 51 INT C ANT AG CHEM; Kirst HA, 1998, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V42, P1303; Leach KL, 2007, MOL CELL, V26, P393, DOI 10.1016-j.molcel.2007.04.005; LECLERCQ R, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P157, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198807213190307; Lemaire S, 2009, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V64, P1035, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkp267; Livermore DM, 2009, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V63, P713, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkp002; Locke JB, 2009, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V53, P5265, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00871-09; Louie A, 2011, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V55, P3453, DOI 10.1128-AAC.01565-10; Mangili A, 2005, CLIN INFECT DIS, V40, P1058, DOI 10.1086-428616; Moellering RC, 2003, ANN INTERN MED, V138, P135; Moise PA, 2000, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V16, pS31; Munoz KA, 2011, 21 EUR C CLIN MICR I; Prasad JV, 2007, CURR OPIN MICROBIOL, V10, P454, DOI 10.1016-j.mib.2007.08.001; Prokocimer P, 2008, 48 INT C ANT AG CHEM; Prokocimer P, 2011, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V55, P583, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00076-10; Ramsey AM, 2009, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V30, P184, DOI 10.1086-593956; Rodriguez-Avial I, 2012, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V67, P167, DOI 10.1093-jac-dkr403; Sakoulas G, 2004, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V42, P2398, DOI 10.1128-JCM.42.6.2398-2402.2004; Garcia MS, 2010, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V303, P2260, DOI 10.1001-jama.2010.757; Schaadt R, 2009, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V53, P3236, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00228-09; Shaw KJ, 2008, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V52, P4442, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00859-08; SMALL PM, 1990, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V34, P1227; UTTLEY AHC, 1989, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V103, P173; van Hal SJ, 2011, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V30, P603, DOI 10.1007-s10096-010-1128-3; VOSS A, 1994, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V13, P50, DOI 10.1007-BF02026127; Woods CW, 2004, CLIN INFECT DIS, V38, P1188, DOI 10.1086-383027; Yamaki J, 2011, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V55, P4432, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00122-11; Yum JH, 2010, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V54, P5381, DOI 10.1128-AAC.00728-10; Zetola N, 2005, LANCET INFECT DIS, V5, P275, DOI 10.1016-S1473-3099(05)70112-214171
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