1,721,405 research outputs found
Best practice & research clinical endocrinology & metabolism. Thyroid nodules and cancer. Preface
No full textThyroid microcarcinoma
No full textNowadays the most commonly occurring differentiated thyroid cancer in many countries is a microcarcinoma in patients older than 45 years, incidentally found during neck ultrasound. In view of their low morbidity and mortality, the crucial point is how to manage such microcarcinomas. Recently published European and American guidelines aim to minimize the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures without affecting the diagnostic accuracy and the therapeutic effectiveness, keeping in mind that we are dealing with patients who have a normal life expectancy and to whom we have to guarantee an excellent quality of life. The present review will summarize the clinical and pathological features of thyroid microcarcinoma, including its definition, prevalence, presentation, pathology, genetic, clinical impact and will try to derive from them a rationale for therapeutic and diagnostic intervention. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Management of differentiated thyroid cancer of the follicular epithelium
No full textThe incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in many countries over the last 30 years (from 3.6/100,000 people in 1973 to 8.7/100,000 people in 2002) while mortality has been slowly decreasing ( 1 , 2 ). The increase is mainly represented by papillary thyroid cancer, while follicular and anaplastic histotypes remained stable. It is a general opinion that the increase is attributable to better detection of small papillary carcinomas as a result of improved diagnostic accuracy (neck ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology). Consequently, it is common experience in thyroid cancer referral centers that nearly 60%-80% of thyroid carcinomas detected nowadays are micropapillary thyroid carcinomas (less than 1 cm in size) carrying an excellent long-term prognosis. In view of this change in the presentation of the disease, the objective of thyroid cancer management should be aimed at achieving complete cure using the less aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Design and Preliminary Validation of an Assisted Driving System for Obstacle Avoidance Based on Reinforcement Learning Applied to Electrified Wheelchairs
No full textOperating a motorized wheelchair poses inherent risks and demands substantial cognitive effort to achieve effective environmental awareness. Consequently, individuals with severe disabilities face heightened risk, leading to diminished social engagement which impacts their overall well-being. Therefore, we have developed a collaborative driving system for obstacle avoidance based on a trained reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. The system interfaces with the user through a joystick, capturing the desired direction and speed, while a lidar positioned in front of the wheelchair provides information about obstacle distribution. Taking both inputs into account, the system generates a pair of forward and rotational speeds that prioritize obstacle avoidance while closely aligning with the user’s commands. Preliminary validation through simulations involved comparing the RL algorithm with the absence of an assistive system. The results are promising, showcasing that the RL algorithm reduces collisions without imposing constraints on the desired speed. Ongoing research is dedicated to expanding tests and conducting comparisons with traditional obstacle avoidance algorithms
Targeted therapy in refractory thyroid cancer: current achievements and limitations
No full textThyroid cancer refractory to conventional treatments lacks effective treatment. Targeted therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for these cancers, based on preliminary promising results. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target both specific oncogenic pathways involved in thyroid cancer progression and aspecific mechanisms such as neoangiogenesis. They are generally well tolerated and most adverse events have low-to-moderate severity. Other classes of drugs have been tested, alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but so far the results have been limited. The aim of this article is to describe the benefits and limitations of innovative drugs that are currently under investigation in patients with refractory thyroid cancer. © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd
Studio della Resistenza Indotta di Configurazioni di Deriva con Bulbo per Barche a Vela
No full textReport of Depart. of Aerospace Eng. of Pisa, DDIA 99-06, Mar. 1999
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