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Eksodus iz cone B Svobodnega trzaskega ozemlja (1945-1958)
No full textThe exodus from Zone B of the FTT should be viewed in the context of the wider phenomenon of the exodus of the population of Venezia Giulia and Dalmatia. First then the article briefly describes the essential characteristics of the phenomenon of migration, starting from the evolution of the term "exodus" itself. At first this was a militant expression, used to emphasize the uniqueness of that historic experience, but gradually it turned into a general interpretative category, used by historians to refer to a special type of forced relocation taking place in Europe since the mid-800, different from deportation and expulsions. The essay goes on to analyze the main forces that generated the exodus of almost all of the Italian population from the territories transferred after World War II under the control of Yugoslavia. The first was the revolution, at once political, social and national and its impact on society of Istria. Special attention is devoted to the policy of the "Slavic‐Italian brotherhood" as a strategy of selective integration, as well as to the operations undertaken by the "people’s authorities": in fact, the combination of the structural limitations of the policy of "brotherhood" and its failure, created an unbearable situation for Italians. Therefore, the exercise of option rights became for them the only possible way out of the crisis. The hardness of living conditions - material and political - that existed in Istria forced also the exodus of part of the population of native Slovenian and Croatian, especially in rural areas.
Similar processes also took place in Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste, even though there these processes lasted until as late as 1954 due to the uncertainty with regard to which state this territory would belong to. The author focuses mostly on the relations between the Italian population and the new authorities and touches upon certain topics of the most recent research. He also brings the attention to the still unfinished research with regard to the National Liberation Committee for Istria and radio station Radio Venezia Giulia. In both cases, the new acquisitions were made possible by the finding of significant archival collections.
Finally he also focuses on the final stage of the Trieste question, concluded with the signature of the London Memorandum and followed by the emigration of almost all of the Italian population from Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste and settlement of exiles in the Trieste territory
Una storia sbagliata? Uno sguardo al breve secolo dei rapporti italo-jugoslavi
Get PDFThe present essay focuses on the long-term complicated events which characterized the Yugoslav-Italian relations, paying special attention to the Eastern borders. Starting point of this process was the difficult signing of the Treaty of Rapallo, followed by the many contradictions and uncertainties of Mussolini’s policy towards the neighbour state, which was characterized by the unappeased Italian territorial ambitions in the Balkans and culminated in the Italian occupation of Yugoslavia during World War II. The aftermath of the war was marked on the other hand by the political protagonism of Communist Yugoslavia, which could take part both in the peace talks and in the definition of the new borders from a position of strength. The Treaty of Peace signed in Paris sanctioned the loss of quite all the Julian March territory, while leaving at the same time the whole issue unregulated by creating the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT), which was to remain a dead letter. The Memorandum of Understanding signed in London led to the division of the FTT between the two neighbour states. The new international position of Tito together with the new Yugoslav-Italian relations, the Italian internal political affairs and the new world order led to a progressive détente and to the final signing of the Treaty of Osimo, which marked the end of a long period characterized by difficulties and tragic clashes
La catastrofe dell'italianità adriatica
Get PDFL'articolo presenta una sintetica parabola dell' "italianità adriatica", così come configuratasi storicamente fra il XIX e il XX secolo. La ricognizione muove dal Trattato di Campofomido per arrivare fino all'esodo dei giuliano-dalmati. Particolare attenzione viene posta alla comparazione fra contesti e situazioni del primo e del secondo dopoguerra
Occupazioni e presenze militari italiane nel primo dopoguerra. Numero monografico doppio (256-257) della rivista Italia Contemporanea
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