854 research outputs found
Conferencia Magistral de Lant Pritchett, Director del programa de Investigación sobre la Mejora de los Sistemas Educativos (RISE) de la Escuela de Gobierno de Blavatnik de la Universidad de Oxford [álbum fotográfico]
No full textLant Pritchett, economista del desarrollo de la Universidad de Oxford, analizó en la CEPAL las políticas educativas para alcanzar un crecimiento transformado
Keynote Lecture Mr. Lant Pritchett - ECLAC's 75th Anniversary [video]
No full textLant Pritchett, a Development Economist from the University of Oxford, Analyzed at ECLAC Education Policies for Achieving Transformative GrowthPresentation image .-- Welcome to attendees - Words from the Executive Secretary of ECLAC, Mr. José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs (medium plane) about the priorities in educational policy to overcome crisis scenarios in the region. He also announces other activities of ECLAC to commemorate its 75 years.-- Speech by Mr. Pritchett (medium shot), in English, with the help of a presentation. Emphasizes ECLAC's contributions in pursuit of sustainable development, the historical evolution of educational policies and how they support the development of the region.-- Question round
Conferencia Magistral Sr. Lant Pritchett - 75⁰ Aniversario de la CEPAL [video]
No full textLant Pritchett, economista del desarrollo de la Universidad de Oxford, analizó en la CEPAL las políticas educativas para alcanzar un crecimiento transformadorImagen de presentación .-- Bienvenida a los asistentes - Palabras del Secretario Ejecutivo de la CEPAL, Sr. José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs (plano medio) acerca de las prioridades en la política educativa para superar los escenarios de crisis en la región. Anuncia también otras actividades de CEPAL para conmemorar sus 75 años .-- Discurso del Sr. Pritchett (plano medio), en inglés con interpretación al español, con ayuda de una presentación. Enfatiza los aportes de CEPAL en pos del desarrollo sostenible, la evolución histórica de las políticas educativas y cómo sostienen el desarrollo de la región .-- Ronda de preguntas
What I Have Learned From Rukmini Banerji
No full textThe text is an essay by Lant Pritchett, praising Rukmini Banerji, CEO of Pratham. Pritchett shares five lessons learned from Banerji, including leading with love for the child, taking action alongside evidence, generating pressure for education improvement, effective implementation at scale, and learning from doing. The essay highlights Banerji's contributions to addressing the learning crisis and promoting innovative education approaches.</p
Where has all the education gone?
Get PDFCross-national data on economic growth rates show that increases in educational capital resulting from improvements in the educational attainment of the labor force have had no positive impact on the growth rate of output per worker. In fact, contends the author, the estimated impact of growth of human capital on conventional nonregression growth accounting measures of total factor productivity is large, strongly significant, and negative. Needless to say, this at least appears to contradict the current conventional wisdom in development circles about education's importance for growth. After establishing that this negative result about the education-growth linkage is robust, credible, and consistent with previous literature, the author explores three possible explanations that reconcile the abundant evidence about wage gains from schooling for individuals with the lack of schooling impact on aggregate growth: 1) that schooling creates no human capital. Schooling may not actually raise cognitive skills or productivity but schooling may nevertheless raise the private wage because to employers it signals a positive characteristic like ambition or innate ability; 2) that the marginal returns toeducation are falling rapidly where demand for educated labor is stagnant. Expanding the supply of educated labor where there is stagnant demand for it causes the rate of return to education to fall rapidly, particularly where the sluggish demand is due to limited adoption of innovations; and 3) that the institutional environments in many countries have been sufficiently perverse that the human capital accumulated has been applied to activities that served to reduce economic growth. In other words, possibly education does raise productivity, and there is demand for this more productive educated labor, but demand for educated labor comes from individually remunerative but socially wasteful or counterproductive activities - a bloated bureaucracy, for example, or overmanned state enterprises in countries where the government is the employer of last resort - so that while individuals'wages go up with education, output stagnates, or even falls.Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Achieving Shared Growth,Governance Indicators,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Growth
Birth Satisfaction Units (BSU): Measuring Cross-National Differences in Human Well-Being
Get PDFWhile everyone agrees that GDP per capita is an inadequate measure of a country’s overall “development” it is difficult to specify what, if anything, should take its place as a useful single summary number (or even just ranking). The Human Development Index is a prominent alternative which moves towards the notion of a more comprehensive measure of human wellbeing, but suffers many limitations in the limits of the domains it covers (only adding mortality and education) and in how those domains are assessed (only averages). I propose that a useful conceptual device is to imagine that individuals were ranking the countries they were to be born into, not knowing what position in that country they would occupy (e.g. male or female, rich or poor). The result could be a cardinal ranking of country of birth satisfaction units, how strongly someone would prefer to be born into country X versus country Y. While this thought experiment obviously does not of itself resolve any of the key issues, it can provide a framework for reasoning about how people would produce such a ranking: the domains of well being they would assess as important and how they would assess the distribution of well-being in those domains (e.g. would they care about the average, levels of absolute deprivation, inequalities).Human Development, Poverty, Vulnerability
Wealthier is healthier
Get PDFWith cross-country, time series data on health (infant and child mortality, and life expectancy) and per capita income, the authors estimate the effect of income on health. They use instrumental variables estimation to identify the effect of income on health that is structural and causal, isolated from reverse causation (healthier workers are more productive and hence wealthier) or incidental association (some other factor may cause both better health and greater wealth). The long-run income elasticity of infant and child mortality in developing countries lies between 0.2 and 0.4. Using those estimates, they calculate that in 1990 alone, more than half a million child deaths in the developing world could be attributed to poor economic performance in the 1980s.Health Economics&Finance,Inequality,Economic Theory&Research,Governance Indicators,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
The political economy of targeted safety nets
Get PDFThis paper is the written version of a lecture that draws principally on research on safety nets and operational experience with the implementation of safety nets, drawing heavily on the crisis of safety net programs in Indonesia from 1998 to 2000. As such it provides more views than reviews of the literature on the principal issues in the political economy of targeted safety net programs. The text is followed by a Q&A that clarifies views put perhaps too starkly in the text. Five major issues are reviewed. First, the implications of some simple models of electoral politics which make the budget allocated to programs endogenous to their targeting design highlight the dangers in ignoring political economy. Second, the political economy of safety net versus safety rope programs is reviewed. Third, some of the literature on the perception of fairness of the targeting criteria is reviewed. Fourth, the issue of local versus central targeting of programs is discussed. Fifth, the political economy of program implementation that considers the fit between program targeting and the organizational culture of the implementing organization is considered.Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor,Rural Poverty Reduction,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis
Tariff rates, tariff revenue, and tariff reform : some new facts
Get PDFThe ad valorem tariff rateson specific products and the ratio of tariff revenue to import value, the collected rate, are only tenuously related, contend the authors. Using tariff and revenue data (at the tariff code line level of detail) for three developing countries, the authors compare the statutory ad valorem tariff rates (official rates) with the ratio of tariff revenues to import values (collected rates). They document four facts: (1) the collected rate for any given item of the tariff code has almost no relationship to the official rate for that item; (2) the variation of collected rates around the official rate increases as the level of the official rate increases; (3) the collected rates increase much less, on average, than one-for-one with the official rates; and (4) above a certain level, collected rates do not increase at all despite increases in official rates. Collection rates appear to level off at roughly 50 percent. (In Kenya, collected rates are lower for high-tariff than for moderate-tariff items. Assigning lower rates for the high-tariff items would actually increase revenue on those items.) The implications of these findings are twofold for calculating general revenue. The rates are not the critical determinant of revenues. The revenue implications of large rate changes can be offset by modest changes in the system of exemptions, for example. The benefit of eliminating exemptions is primarily transparency. The costs of programs that provide import exemptions for, say, regional promotion, are often hidden in customs statistics. Secondly, if pressures that cause collected rates not to increase one-for-one with tariff rates will continue to be present in any tariff regime, then these must be factored into tariff reform design.TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Export Competitiveness,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade and Regional Integration,Economic Theory&Research
Creating Education Systems Coherent for Learning Outcomes
No full textThis RISE Working Paper, authored by Lant Pritchett (Research Director of the RISE Programme), seeks to provide an answer to the hard question: “How can learning get, and stay, so bad (in some places and not others) even though access to enrolment and schooling completed is expanding rapidly?” It builds an accountability framework of actors and the four design elements of accountability (delegation, financing, information and motivation) to emphasize that effectiveness in promoting learning requires systems of education that are coherent.
It identifies two ways in which this can be achieved:
First, each accountability relationship has to be coherent across its elements – that is, the delegation of what agents are asked to do has to be coherent with the financing, information, and motivation, rather than “pay for one thing and expect another”.
Second, the relationships have to be coherent across relationships of accountability – that is, if teachers are accountable both to their employer and indirectly to parents/students/communities, then if these two have very different objectives the accountability of teachers will be made incoherent.
The paper presents a key part in the tentative first step of formulating a research programme into reforms of education systems that are capable of producing sustained accelerations in the pace of improving learning outcomes
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