1,721,132 research outputs found
WWI MILITARY USE OF CAVES IN THE CLASSICAL KARST OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY
No full textThe area of the Classical Karst in Northeastern Italy was involved during the Great War by a series of military actions known as "the Twelve Battles of the Isonzo". The knowledge of the karstic landscape and its fea-tures clearly represented an advantage in military operations. A well-con-solidated theoretic military geological preparation led armies to exploit for warfare purposes natural morphologies, such as caves, sinkholes, fault scarps and dry valleys; many artificial modifications were apported to the hypogean and epigean landscapes to adapt landforms to military purposes. Human-made tunnels, walls, stairs, floors, built with concrete and/or rocks found onsite, served to the realization of complex defensive systems, whose strategical importance was newly re-discovered in recent times. Two hundred and twenty natural caves have been mapped in the Italian Classical Karst that were used in wartime, to analyze their utiliza-tions and geographical distribution. Most caves were used by soldiers as shelters, representing a safe natural environment during enemy artillery bombings. Several other purposes reveal the complexity of artificial ad-aptations and planning in construction works. Water reserves, electrical stations, command posts, ammunition depots are only few examples of the natural exploitation offered by caves. We investigate six Austro-Hun-garian military caves from various locations along the frontline, describ-ing their different artificial modifications and geological features. The Classical Karst not only represents a globally known key site for the study of karst geomorphology, but is also one of the most iconic traits of warfare on the Austro-Hungarian front during WWI
Integration of intensity textures and local geometry descriptors from Terrestrial Laser Scanning to map chert in outcrops
No full textThe potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanner imaging (TLS) as a tool to map chert, an amorphous variety of silica diffused in sedimentary rocks, is here discussed together with an original method for its automatic detection. Reflectance measurements in the VIS-NIR band (400-2500. nm) show that chert displays low reflectance in the IR wavelengths that are operated by several commercial TLS. To develop and test a recognition method an outcrop of limestone with chert nodules was scanned with an IR (1541. nm) TLS. The intensity information, after proper distance correction, was coupled with geometric and intensity descriptors for training Support Vector Machines (SVM) to separate vegetation from rock and limestone from chert. Results, cross inspected in the field and with reference pictures, demonstrate that TLS data can be efficiently exploited to map chert when the monochromatic information of the intensity is integrated with feature descriptors and SVM classifiers. © 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS)
Refined ammonoid biochronostratigraphy of the Bagolino section (Lombardian Alps, Italy), GSSP candidate for the base of the Ladinian stage
No full textA refined ammonoid biostratigraphy is reported for a critical interval of the Bagolino section (Giudicarie Area, Northern Italy), a candidate for the Anisian/Ladinian stage boundary. The Avisianum Subzone has been documented, and its boundary with the Crassus Subzone has been redefined, on the basis of new findings of Reitziites reitzi, Aplococeras aff. smitbi, Aplococeras avisianum, Halilu-cites riisticus, Parasturia sp. and other significant ammonoids. Six potential criteria for the definition of the Anisian/Ladinian boundary can now be considered in this single stratigraphic section, so that the FO of Eoprotracbyceras atrionii is no longer the unescapable choice at Bagolino. Despite several drawbacks, including the absence of paly-nomorphs and daonellid bivalves, the thermal history preventing the recover)- of magnetic and isotopic signals, and a lower sedimentation rate with respect to many other sections of the Southern Alps, the Bagolino section is here accepted as stratotype for the Anisian/Ladinian boundary, but further paleontological and sedimentological studies should be considered
Correlation potential of Middle Triassic hemipelagic carbonate successions using carbon isotopes
No full textStable isotope studies of the marine Triassic have previously focused on two intervals, the Permian/Triassic and Triassic/Jurassic boundaries. The potential of stable carbon
and oxygen isotopes as chemostratigraphic correlation tools, however, is largely untapped for Triassic carbonate successions. The present study was launched to explore the usefulness of carbon isotope data in correlating Middle Triassic deep-water,
hemipelagic carbonate sediments of the Livinallongo Formation of the Dolomites (Southern Alps, Northern Italy).
The samples come mostly from the Knollenkalke Member consisting of greenishgrey, bioturbated, nodular limestones. We analyzed the micritic calcite within individual nodules and compared its composition to that of matrix calcite as well as late
diagenetic calcite veins.
Thin-section examination aided by cathodoluminescence petrography and scanning electron microscopy suggest that the fine grained calcite cement in the nodules formed near the sediment-water interface and has not been diagenetically altered since then.
Its carbon isotopic composition therefore most likely reflects the initial seawater isotopic composition.
The carbon isotope data from the Knollenkalke Member show a secular trend of increasing values upsection which coincides with a similar trend in biostratigraphically correlated sections in eastern Romania (Atudorei et al., 1997) and Oman (Hauser et al., 2001). These preliminary results suggests the presence of a possibly Tethys-wide chemostratigraphic marker in the Middle Triassic.
Hauser M. et al., 2001, Eclogae geol. Helv., 94, 29-62
Atudorei V. et al., 1997, Extended scientific report of the project 95-32 “The Triassic of north-Dobrogea”, Geological Museum, Lausanne, Switzerland
The ammonoid succession in the Bagolino section (NE Italy)
No full textOn the basis of data from an interval of the Bagolino section, which was ill-checked by the Swiss Authors, the writers found some layers in which, among a diversified ammonoid fauna, Aplococeras avisianum occurs. This and other taxa from the investigated horizons are new for the Bagolino section, despite the several researches (cf. Brack and Rieber, 1986; 1993a; 1993b) carried out there so far
Facies and geometries of carbonate platforms of the Dolomites after the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE).
No full text- …
