2,074 research outputs found
Alcohol Use and Risky Behaviour: Evidence of Anxiolysis-Disinhibition from a Naturalistic Drinking Study
No full textAims: Alcohol use and intoxication have been widely linked with the incidence of crime and antisocial behaviour. Reduced risk perception following alcohol consumption has been proposed as a possible reason for why people take part in such activities. This study aimed to identify if “intention to act” and “perception of risk” were similarly or differentially affected by alcohol consumed in a natural environment. Furthermore the relationship between amount consumed and degree of impact was investigated.
Design: A single factor independent groups design was employed.
Participants: 60 participants aged 18-23 were recruited.
Measures: Participants indicated their likelihood of engagement in a range of acts, and stated how risky they thought each behaviour was via a questionnaire.
Findings: Data analysis revealed a significant effect of alcohol group on reported likelihood of engagement such that likelihood increased with alcohol consumption. However, perceived risk was not subject to any effect, and increased intention to engage in a risky behaviour was not associated with a decreased perception of risk.
Conclusions: These results may provide support for an anxiolysis-disinhibition model of alcohol induced risky behaviour. Certainly the data indicate that cognitive appraisal of the behaviours is not impaired or related to increased engagement
Star rating of driver's behavior as a tool to prevent risky behavior
No full textDriver behavior is a key determinant of road safety. Risky behaviors can be measured and quantified using traditional and modern methods, which enables the assessment of the driver's behavior. Following lessons from safety science, it is important to analyse and manage risks factors to optimize interventions in the transport context at the territory. The main objective of the paper is to explore the star rating of the driver's behavior to provide credible road safety monitoring and identification of the factors that most contribute to risky driving behaviors. The Data Envelopment Analysis method for selection of most significant factors is used for star rating of driver's behavior. The subject of the analysis encompasses 18 factors for 27 police administration units (PAUs) in the Republic of Serbia. The results are analysed regarding the following aspects: 1) star rating of driver's behavior and 2) defining the stages of the periodic factors monitoring for each PAU analysed. Using a mobile phone while driving, not using child restraints system, alcohol drunk driving during the night and seat belt use at rear seats of passenger vehicles were identified as the most significant factors associated with risky driving behaviors. Monitoring a broader set of factors helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a territory's road safety system. Star rating of driver's behavior as a tool intended for decision-makers ensures monitoring, management, the exchange of evidence-based and customized best practices and defining earlier goal-oriented actions to manage driver's behavior and to prevent risky driving.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP HASIL SADAP KARET KARYAWAN PT. PUTRA KATINGAN PRATAMA KABUPATEN KATINGAN
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil sadap karet karyawan di PT. Putra Katingan Pratama Kecamatan Katingan Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling) masing-masing sebesar 10% dari jumlah populasi karyawan sebanyak 377 orang, dengan divisi masing-masing karyawan sadap karet 293 orang, afdeling A berjumlah 150 orang dan afdeling B berjumlah 143 orang. Jenis data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0.797 atau 79,7% yang berarti bahwa secara simultan mampu menjelaskan pengaruh hasil sadap karet karyawan (Y). Pada hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan ada pengaruh nyata antara umur (X1), tingkat pendidikan formal (X2), jumlah tanggungan (X3), pengalaman kerja (X4), pendapatan rumah tangga (X5), luas sadapan (X6), jarak tempuh (X7) dan motivasi kerja (X8) terhadap hasil sadap karet karyawan. Secara parsial terdapat 3 variabel yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil sadap yaitu pengalaman kerja (X4), luas sadapan (X6) dan motivasi kerja (X8), sedangkan 5 variabel lainnya yakni umur (X1), tingkat pendidikan formal (X2), jumlah tanggungan (X3), pendapatan rumah tangga (X5) dan jarak tempuh (X7) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil sadap karet karyawan PT. Putra Katingan Pratama Kecamatan Katingan Tengah Kabupaten Katingan.
 
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Antara Metode Pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square dengan Metode Pembelajaran Direct Instruction pada Mata Pelajaran Fotografi Kelas X Semester 2
No full textABSTRAK Pratama, Rendy Arytia Risky. 2012. Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Siswa antara Metode Pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square dengan Metode Pembelajaran Direct Instruction pada Mata Pelajaran Fotografi Kelas X Semester 2. Skripsi, Program Studi di Pendidikan Teknik Informatika, Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Drs.Suwasono,M.T, (II) Sujito, S.T,M.T. Kata kunci: metode pembelajaran Think Pair Square , metode pembelajaran Problem Posing , prestasi belajar, materi pemfokusan kamera dan pengeditan foto digital Pembelajaran TIK mencakup pemahaman konsep dan praktek. Siswa akan semakin memahami bidang TIK dengan belajar secara aktif didukung sarana yang lengkap. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu : (1)mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square; (2) mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Direct Insruction; (3) mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar siswa antara metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square dengan metode pembelajaran Direct Instruction pada mata pelajaran fotografi kelas X semester 2. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan penelitian kuantatif yang melibatkan satu kelas kontrol dan satu kelas eksperimen. Kelompok kontrol adalah kelas X MMC dengan jumlah 36 siswa dan kelas eksperimen adalah kelas X MMB, 36 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan diantaranya instrumen perlakuan berupa silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, tugas dan lembar kerja, lembar observasi, dan angket. Instrumen pengukuran hasil perlakuan berupa soal pretest-postest dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square pada kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata prestasi belajar lebih tinggi daripada penerapan merode pembelajaran Direct Instruction pada kelas kontrol yaitu 82,7 > 77,7. Prestasi belajar antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu dengan nilai Sig(p) 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yaitu penerapan metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square pada kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol karena siswa lebih bisa aktif dan dapat berpikir kreatif membuat dan menyelesaikan permasalahan dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan prestasi belajar siswa antara metode pembelajaran Problem Posing-Think Pair Square dengan metode pembelajaran Direct Instruction kelas X Multimedia di SMK PGRI 3 Malang.
Understanding risky driving among motorized two-wheeler drivers: The role of time-related anxiety and impunctuality
No full textMotorized Two-Wheeler (MTW) drivers significantly contribute to road fatalities due to their vulnerability and the higher severity of crashes. Risky driving behavior, such as violations and errors, is a key precursor to road crashes. Understanding the factors that influence such risky behavior can shed light on opportunities for risk management. In this investigation, data from 460 motorized two-wheeler drivers were collected through an online questionnaire, exploring Red Light Running (RLR), lane sharing, and turning without indicating driving tendencies, latent psychological factors, and demographic attributes of the participants. The analysis was conducted in two steps: (a) decision trees were developed to classify risky driving behavior, and (b) binary logistic regression models were developed to quantify risky driving choices based on demographic and latent psychological variables, as well as interaction variables. The results showed that as driver anxiety increased, the probability of lane sharing rose from 76.3% to 87.9% in normal driving situations and from 80.3% to 96.6% in time-pressure driving situations, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that the odds of running red lights and lane sharing decreased to 0.57 and 0.68, respectively, for older drivers compared to young drivers. Overall, this study quantified the impact of underlying psychological factors and demographic parameters, as well as their combined effects, on assessing traffic violations, traffic errors, and non-illegal dangerous driving behaviors among motorized two-wheeler drivers. Additionally, the study discusses the implications and policy interventions related to the legalization of lane sharing and the risks associated with time-pressure driving in online food delivery systems. These findings can inform evidence-based policymaking to achieve road safety goals.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Deadly meals: The influence of personal and job factors on burnout and risky riding behaviours of food delivery motorcyclists
No full textFood delivery riders are overrepresented in road crashes. Arguably, the increased risk experienced by food delivery riders is linked to the working conditions offered by the “gig economy”. Research is needed to fully understand the safety-related issues this vulnerable group of road users face daily and identify opportunities for counter measures. In this investigation, we proposed a new theoretical model to explain the risky behaviour of food delivery motorcyclists based on the well-established Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Following the JD-R, we considered the impact of job demands (job aspects that require sustained effort) and job resources (job aspects that help achieve work-related goals, reduce job demands and stimulate personal development) on the risky riding behaviours of food delivery motorcyclists. The JD-R model was also extended with three constructs, including personal demands, personal resources, and perceived safety risk to explore the role of individuals' within-person aspects. The developed model was tested using data collected from 554 food delivery riders in the two biggest cities in Vietnam. The results showed that job burnout, job resources, and personal demands directly impact risky riding behaviours, in which job burnout was the most significant predictor. Constructs such as job demands, personal resources, and perceived safety risk were not significant predictors of risky riding behaviours. This research shows that organisation-level factors could be modified to prevent risky riding behaviour. The gig economy industry can do much more to improve the safety of delivery riders.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Effects of Personality on Risky Driving Behavior and Accident Involvement for Chinese Drivers
No full textObjective: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury-related fatalities in China and pose the most serious threat to driving safety. Driver personality is considered as an effective predictor for risky driving behavior and accident liability. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between personality and risky driving behavior, but only a few of them have explored the effects of personality variables on accident involvement. In addition, few studies have examined the effects of personality on Chinese drivers' risky driving and accident involvement. The present study aimed to examine the effects of personality variables on Chinese drivers' unsafe driving behaviors and accident involvement. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four Chinese drivers aged 20 to 50 were required to complete questionnaires assessing their personality traits (anger, sensation-seeking, altruism, and normlessness), risky driving behaviors (aggressive violations, ordinary violations), and accident involvement (all accidents, serious accidents, at-fault accidents). Multivariate regression analyses, adjusting for gender, age, and overall mileage, were conducted to identify the personality traits related to risky driving behaviors and accident involvement. Results: Participants' personality traits were found to be significantly correlated with both risky driving behavior and accident involvement. Specifically, the traits of anger and normlessness were effective predictors for aggressive violations. The traits of anger, sensation-seeking, normlessness, and altruism were effective predictors for ordinary violations. Moreover, altruism and normlessness were significant predictors for the total number of accidents participants had during the past 3years. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies, the present study revealed that personality traits play an important role in predicting Chinese drivers' risky driving behaviors. In addition, Chinese drivers' personality characteristics were also associated with accident involvement. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file
Emotions, Risk, and Responsibility: Emotions, Values, and Responsible Innovation of Risky Technologies
No full textRisky technologies such as biotechnology, energy technologies, and digital technologies are frequently highly controversial. While such technologies can contribute to people’s well-being, they can also create social disruption. The latter requires approaches for decision-making on how to responsibly design risky technologies. Technology is not value neutral, rather, design choices imply value choices. That is why scholars in risk ethics and philosophy of technology have argued for long that we need value-sensitive design and responsible innovation in order to ensure that value choices are made explicitly and based on sound ethical considerations. This chapter focuses on the contribution that emotions and values can make to the responsible innovation of risky technologies, based on the idea that emotions can play an important role in ethical decision-making about risky technologies. The chapter develops this idea further and expands it to approaches to responsible innovation in the context of the following key stakeholders: universities, industry, policy makers, and the public. The central idea this chapter investigates is that embedding emotions and values in the innovation of risky technologies can enhance the quality of deliberation and decision-making regarding technological risks, can help to overcome stalemates, and can lead to morally and socially more acceptable, as well as responsible technological innovations.Values Technology and InnovationEthics & Philosophy of Technolog
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. R DI KLINIK PRATAMA CITA SEHAT SURABAYA
No full textAngka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB) merupakan indikator untuk
melihat derajat kesehatan dan menilai tingkat kemampuan penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan
suatu negara. Menurut data Dinkes Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2020, AKI yaitu 98,39 dari 100.00
KH dan AKB yaitu 23 dari 1000 KH . Penyebab kematian ibu disebabkan oleh hipertensi dalam
kehamilan, perdarahan, dan penyebab lain-lain. Sedangkan pada bayi baru lahir adalah BBLR,
asfiksia, dan penyebab lain-lain.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komprehensif Continuity Of Care bertempat di Klinik
Pratama Cita Sehat Surabaya Juni 2022 - Juli 2022 dengan subjeknya yaitu Ny. R yang diberikan
pendampingan sejak hamil trimester III hingga KB. Total asuhan kebidanan yang diberikan yaitu
Kehamilan Trimester III sebanyak 2 kali , Persalinan sebanyak 1 kali kunjungan, Masa nifas 4
kali kunjungan, Bayi Baru lahir 4 kali kunjungan dan KB 2 kali kunjungan. Pengumpulan data
menggunakan data subjektif dan objektif. Pengkajian dilakukan secara daring melalui aplikasi
whatsapp dan luring.
Hasil Asuhan kebidanan pada Ny. R mulai masa kehamilan sampai dengan KB adalah sebagai
berikut: Ny. R kehamilan dengan Kenceng-kenceng, selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi dan keluhan
teratasi. Persalinan berlangsung secara fisiologis. Masa nifas berjalan fisiologis. By. Ny. R
fisiologis, selama kunjungan terdapat keluhan ruam diwajah dan leher, dilakukan evaluasi dan
keluhan teratasi. Kunjungan KB memilih menggunakan KB suntik 3 bulan.
Simpulan pada Ny. R yaitu Kehamilan, persalinan, masa nifas, bayi baru lahir dan KB
berlangsung secara fisiologis. Diharapkan klien dapat menerapkan anjuran bidan agar dapat
meningkatkan kesehatan klien
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