58 research outputs found
The impact of poverty on mental health and well-being and the necessity for integrated social policies in Romania
No full textOn almost every account people with mental health problems are among the most excluded groups in society and they consistently identify stigmatisation, discrimination and exclusion as major barriers to health, welfare and quality of life. The links between poverty and ill health are well known. Poverty and illness together make people much more vulnerable and needy at all stages of their lives, and even more so in old age. Mental health is often both a cause and a consequence of poverty, compromised education, vulnerability, difficulty accessing housing, health care and employment, and lack of access to welfare, social security, and community public services. Inequalities between social classes in the incidence of chronic illness and mental illness and in life expectancy are also well documented. The working class poor with health problems are a particularly vulnerable group. Moreover people with mental health problems are more likely to experience physical health problems, which can further compromise the efforts of the individual in an already disadvantaged situation. When the experience of mental illness is the cause or a factor in the experience of exclusion, the effects can be still more damaging. This mutual interaction linking mental health and development can work positively with good mental health facilitating the active and successful involvement of individuals and communities in development, and negatively with poor mental health increasing the risk of descending into a vicious cycle of poverty and adverse social and health outcomes. Designing social policies and interventions - both within and outside the health sector - which strengthen social inclusion, represent a key action recommended by the European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing. This paper explores the situation of persons affected by severe mental illness on regional level in Romania. The need for policy development and improvement strategies are also highlighted.
MONEY AS A GLOBAL PUBLIC GOOD
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to discuss a complex and yet not taken in consideration global public good: money. Money is a social convention created and accepted by people in order to facilitate economic transactions, being a symbol, without an intmoney, global public good, social and psychological value
MONEY AS A GLOBAL PUBLIC GOOD
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to discuss a complex and yet not taken in consideration global public good: money. Money is a social convention created and accepted by people in order to facilitate economic transactions, being a symbol, without an in
Deception detection in dialogues
No full textIn the social media era, it is commonplace to engage in written conversations. People sometimes even form connections across large distances, in writing. However, human communication is in large part non-verbal. This means it is now easier for people to hide their harmful intentions. At the same time, people can now get in touch with more people than ever before. This puts vulnerable groups at higher risk for malevolent interactions, such as bullying, trolling, or predatory behavior. Furthermore, such growing behaviors have most recently led to waves of fake news and a growing industry of deceit creators and deceit detectors. There is now an urgent need for both theory that explains deception and applications that automatically detect deception.
In this thesis I address this need with a novel application that learns from examples and detects deception reliably in natural-language dialogues. I formally define the problem of deception detection and identify several domains where it is useful. I introduce and evaluate new psycholinguistic features of deception in written dialogues for two datasets. My results shed light on the connection between language, deception, and perception. They also underline the challenges and difficulty of assessing perceptions from written text.
To automatically learn to detect deception I first introduce an expressive logical model and then present a probabilistic model that simplifies the first and is learnable from labeled examples. I introduce a belief-over-belief formalization, based on Kripke semantics and situation calculus. I use an observation model to describe how utterances are produced from the nested beliefs and intentions. This allows me to easily make inferences about these beliefs and intentions given utterances, without needing to explicitly represent perlocutions. The agents’ belief states are filtered with the observed utterances, resulting in an updated Kripke structure.
I then translate my formalization to a practical system that can learn from a small dataset and is able to perform well using very little structural background knowledge in the form of a relational dynamic Bayesian network structure.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Codruta Girlea, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-11 at 17:06.The student, Codruta Girlea, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-07-11 at 17:12.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-07-12 at 17:06.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11409 on 2018-03-02 at 13:01:34Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T19:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-12Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105045
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105045
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105045 on 2020-03-03T10:15:11Z
Money as a Global Public Good
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to discuss a complex and yet not taken in consideration global public good: money. Money is a social convention created and accepted by people in order to facilitate economic transactions, being a symbol, without an intrinsic value (fiduciary money). It is universally used and it has value only in connection with the products and services that can be acquired, based on people’s consent and their psychological acceptance. In other words, its value lies in the purchasing power given by the quantity of commodities and services that can be bought with money. During history, as people began to become fully aware of the importance of money for their own survival, economic growth and development, institutions were created to manage and pass the necessary rules and regulations to grant stability to the financial intermediation process. The entire process was possible because money were always perceived as a particular “asset”: to society as a whole and to each individual as well. The strength of each currency reflects the strength of the public authorities that contribute to its creation (central banks, government, and society) as well as the strength of the economy it reflects. Besides its social value, money bear psychological value for each individual, as they serve in facilitating the fulfilment of necessities, dreams, of all people could ever want or need in their lives. Moreover, money can be regarded as a constant throughout history: changeable over time and yet the same, of vital importance in people’s lives.money, global public good, social and psychological value
Optimizing the Managerial Decision in Energetic Industry
No full textMaking a decision is a complex process which must be based upon a method that is able to establish the optimum criteria in choosing an alternative, in evaluating the main effects of implementing the decision which was taken and in estimating the risks involved. The optimizing methods and techniques fall into several groups. Thus, judging by the number of criteria that was taken into consideration when making decisions, the optimization methods and techniques can be identified as uni-criterial decisions and multi-criterial decisions; considering the objective condition state which affects the problem that needs decisional solution, there can be decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of certainty, decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of uncertainty and decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in risky conditions. The continuous improvement of the decisional subsystem - an important component of the firm’s management - represents a necessity under the circumstances that the latest decades reveal a development of the decisional elements, both in the theoretic-methodological field and in the application field. The decisional methods and techniques must be found in the managers’ decisional processes at different hierarchical levels (individual managers or group managers), so that a high scientific materialization level of the methods should be ensured.decision; variant; optimizing methods and techniques; decisional tree; certainty; uncertainty; risk
Drinking Patterns and Behavioral Consequences: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Romanian University Students
No full textAlcohol/binge drinking among university students has become a major public health problem. Many of young students will be exposed to substantial changes in living arrangements, socialization groups and social activities during the transitional period
Physician migration at its roots: a study on the emigration preferences and plans among medical students in Romania
No full textAbstract
Background
Migration of healthcare workers is receiving increased attention worldwide. In Europe, the creation of a border-free labor market and its expansion with the EU enlargements of 2004, 2007, and 2013 endowed health professionals with the right to provide services and to relocate to another EU Member State. For the Romanian doctors, the EU-wide recognition of the medical degree obtained in Romania has created new opportunities, while inadequate working conditions and relatively low salaries pushed many of them to search for employment abroad. As there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of the Romanian physicians\u2019 exodus, we performed a survey to assess the emigration intention of future Romanian doctors.
Methods
The study was conducted over three consecutive years: 2013, 2014, and 2015 at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The self-administrated questionnaire included 19 questions regarding students\u2019 emigration intentions.
Results
All the 957 license-degree students participated in the study. In this study, 84.7% of subjects planned on seeking employment abroad after graduation. A large number of the students who have participated in the study have already started preparing for emigration, 21.7% of those who wished to migrate had already performed at least one Erasmus mobility in their country of choice, 44.5% have been enrolled in a language course, and 42.7% have searched for jobs on the Internet.
Conclusions
The majority of Romanian medical students considering migration see it as a serious alternative to the continuation of their professional training started in Romania. The findings of this study are upsetting and can impact both policy crafting and future research. Structural reforms in the healthcare provisions are needed in order to facilitate the retention of medical personnel. Romanian policy makers need to devise a comprehensive national health workforce plan to deal with physician migration
Advertising and product trial: The impact of product type and attribute information on consumer evaluations
No full textTwo popular promotional methods, advertising and product sampling, are used by companies to encourage consumers to buy their products. An important body of research has shown that advertising can influence consumers\u27 subsequent trial experience, especially for low diagnostic products for which consumers lack the ability or motivation to confirm (or disconfirm) the ad claims. In this dissertation study, the author investigates the effect of attribute type (search versus experiential), claim objectivity (objective versus subjective) and product type (hedonic versus functional) on consumers\u27 post-trial evaluations (i.e., expectancy values, product attitude, purchase intention, and product choice) of highly diagnostic products. The results indicate that consumers attach greater importance to the experience of a hedonic than a functional product, resulting in more positive post-trial evaluations of the hedonic product. Experiential attribute advertisements also generate more positive post-trial evaluations of a hedonic than a functional product. Further, for functional products, search attribute claims conveyed in a pre-trial ad result in more positive post-trial evaluations than experiential attribute claims or than trial alone. For hedonic products, advertising does not seem to be helpful in guiding product experience; for these products, trial is most important. In the context of these findings, I discuss the contributions to the advertising-trial literature, as well as the managerial implications. I conclude with several limitations of the study and with suggestions for future research.
Attitudes toward mentally ill patients: a comparison between Romanian and International Medical Students
No full textBackground. Stigmatizing attitudes to mental illness, and especially schizophrenia, are not limited to the general population but are also common among health professionals. Health professionals are in a position to model health related attitudes both in the general public and patients. Medical students are an interesting group to focus upon, since they are future health professionals and correcting stigmatizing attitudes is still possible during their educational curriculum.Methods. This study investigated the attitude toward mental illness in medical students at the Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy. We surveyed first year students, since they have not yet received specific classes or internships in psychiatry; 322 students from the Romanian and English sections participated, representing a response rate of 94.7%. The questionnaire consisted of the Romanian and English versions of Link's Social Distance Scale towards people with mental illness scale.Results. Overall, medical students had a relatively negative attitude towards people with mental illness, with moderate social distance and stereotypical attitudes. The level of personal contact with people with mental illness was correlated with positive attitudes. International students had scored lower then Romanian students on social distance toward mentally ill patients.Conclusions. Medical education can play an important role in the attitudes of students toward mental illness. Medical students have stigmatizing attitudes about mentally ill patients. Personal contact with people suffering from mental illness might contribute to a positive attitude from the medical students toward mentally ill patients.</jats:p
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