31 research outputs found

    Una famiglia di elementi finiti per la piastra inflessa basata sull espansione in polinomi ortogonali della curvatura

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    In questo lavoro viene presentata un famiglia di elementi finiti semplici per il modello della piastra sottile inflessa (KP da Kirchhoff Plate). La letteratura sull’argomento `e molto vasta e nonostante che dall’inizio dell’era degli elementi finiti siano state formulate centinaia di proposte la questione `e ancora aperta come testimoniato dalla pubblicazione abbastanza regolare di nuove formulazioni sulle riviste specializzate. La famiglia di elementi finiti qui proposta, denominata ACKP (Approximate Compatible Kirchhoff) `e basata su una constatazione molto semplice ma apparentemente ignorata fino ad oggi: dato un campo di spostamenti trasversali definito su un elemento, espandendo le sue curvature in serie di polinomi ortogonali, i coefficienti della parte affine dell’espansione dipendono solamente dalla traccia e dalla traccia normale ( derivata normale) dello spostamento sulla frontiera dell’elemento. In altre parole, le traccie dello spostamento elementare definiscono completamente una approssimazione affine della curvatura interna, ottimale nel senso che coincide con la proiezione della curvatura (delle sue componenti) nello spazio dei polinomi affini rispetto ad una norma appropriata. Partendo da questo presupposto, negli elementi ACKP si rinuncia ad una descrizione del campo di spostamenti interno assumendo invece un andamento polinomiale per le traccie di tipo compatibile che garantisce cio`e la continuit`a inter-elementare di spostamenti e derivate prime. L’energia elastica dell’elemento viene determinata in base all’approssimazione affine delle curvature ottenuta dalle tracce. La convergenza degli elementi ACKP `e garantita dal soddisfacimento quasi automatico dello IET(Individual Element Test). Si dimostra, inoltre, che su base elementare l’energia elastica di un elemento ACKP `e sempre inferiore a quella di un corrispondente elemento compatibile, cio`e di un elemento CKP con le stesse traccie. Questo fatto mitiga uno dei difetti maggiori degli elementi CKP ovvero l’eccessiva rigidezza (tacendo su quanto complicata sia la loro costruzione), e fa dell’ ACKP un elemento semplice, dotato cio`e dei classici gradi di libert`a ingegneristici, con caratteristiche interessanti. La sperimentazione numerica ha rilevato che la rigidezza dell’ACKP `e intermedia tra quella degli elementi DKP (Discrete Kirchhoff Plate) e quelle di tipo CK

    A new plate bending element based on orthogonal polynomials expansion of the curvature field

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    A new approach to derive finite elements for the thin plate model is presented. The proposed method approximates compatible Kirchhoff formulations by means of orthogonal polynomials expansion of the curvature field depending only on the element boundary traces. With respect to the compatible formulation the proposed method produces elements that beneficially underestimate the deformation energy. A simple triangular element is developed and investigated from both the theoretical and the numerical point of view and numerically compared with other two well-known elements

    Relaxed notions of curvature and a lumped strain method for elastic plates

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    The paper proposes an approximation method, lumped strain method (LSM), for elastic plates based on generalized notions of the Gaussian and mean curvatures and on a relaxation of the energy functional to the space of continuous piecewise linear functions. The method adapts ideas from the theory of -convergence. We restrict our attention to the case of the simply supported plate and state the proof of convergence of the method. We give an application to the rhombic plate and compare the results with those obtained by standard nite element approximations

    An unconstrained mixed method for the biharmonic problem

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    In this work we present a finite element method for the biharmonicproblem based on the primal mixed formulation of Ciarlet and Raviart [A mixed finite element method for the biharmonic equation, in Symposium on Mathematical Aspects of Finite Elements in Partial Differential Equations, C. de Boor, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1974, pp. 125–143]. We introduce a dual mesh and a suitable approximation of the constraint that enables us to eliminate the auxiliary variable with no computational effort. Thus, the discrete problem turns to be governed by a system of linear equations with symmetric and positive definite coefficients and can be solved by classical algorithms. The construction of the stiffness matrix is obtained by using Courant triangles and can be done with great efficiency

    Analysis of the cyclic behaviour of shear connections in steel-concrete composite bridge due to moving loads

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    It is presented a numerical procedure able to analyse the structural behavior of steelconcrete composite beams subjected to moving loads, considering the actual cyclic nonlinear relationship between the shear force and the slip of the connectors. The procedure allows to determine the oscillograms of the slip and the shear force of each connector corresponding to the transit of an assigned loading pattern. Fatigue checks, based on the strain-life approach can be carried out using such a numerical tool. The procedure was used to study the cyclic behavior of the connection of a 40 m span simply supported bridge-type beam subjected to a severe loading model: fatigue model 1 (ENV 1991-3) with a heavy abnormal 15 axles vehicle (3600 kN). The results allowed to assess the damage accumulated in the connectors due to one thousand transits of the considered load. Significant damage occurs in the studs close to mid-span

    EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE ELASTIC EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSE OF CARBON BLACK FILLED RUBBERS

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    The experimental determination of the pure elastic response of filled rubbers remains a major challenge due to the very long times required for the viscoelastic effects to dissipate. Starting from an expedient proposed in 1930, we deal with an experimental procedure capable of dissipating viscoelastic effects in reasonably short times, to obtain a point-wise estimation of the intrinsic elastic response of the material
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