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TECNICHE DI IMAGING PER L'ANALISI E IL MONITORAGGIO DI PARAMETRI ANTROPOMETRICI E DI COMPOSIZONE CORPOREA IN ATLETI DI ALTO LIVELLO
No full textIn questo lavoro è stata svolta un indagine riguardante antropometria e composizione corporea su 141 atleti (43 giocatrici di Pallamano, 60 giocatori di Basket e 38 di Rugby) cercando di introdurre le moderne tecniche di indagine. Ecco quindi che per l’indagine antropometrica abbiamo affiancato all’antropometria manuale le tecniche di antropometria 3D di ultima generazione utilizzando un BodySCAN di Breuckmann GmbH (con tecnologia a luce bianca). Mentre per la composizione corporea è stato utilizzata la DXA, strumento conosciuto in ambito clinico ma ancora poco impiegato nel mondo sportivo.
Sono quindi presentati tre differenti lavori ai quali ho partecipato, i primi due già pubblicati (Milanese et al, Anthropometry and body composition of female Handball players according to competitive level or the playing position. Journal of Sport Science, (2011)) e (Milanese et al, Effect of a competitive season on anthropometry and tri-compartimental body composition in female Handball players. Biology of Sport, (2012)) e del terzo vengono presentati i dati preliminari.
Nel primo lavoro sono state coinvolte 43 giocatrici di Pallamano e sono stati analizzati parametri antropometrici e di composizione corporea. Il lavoro presenta una batteria di nuovi dati ricavati utilizzando per la prima volta la DXA in giocatrici di pallamano d’élite e sub-élite che disputano il campionato Italiano. L’analisi dati effettuata per livello competitivo (élite e sub-élite) e per posizioni di gioco (Portiere, Terzino, Ala e Pivot) ci porta a dire che per poter avere composizione corporea simile alle giocatrici che calcano i campi nei campionati di maggior successo a livello Europeo e Mondiale alle atlete del campionato Italiano è richiesto un maggior numero di ore di allenamento e una maggiore intensità di allenamento. I dati riguardanti le differenze tra posizioni di gioco emersi in questo studio confermano le evidenze date da ricerche precedenti.
Per il secondo lavoro sono state coinvolte 43 giocatrici di Pallamano che sono state testate in pre e post stagione per verificare gli effetti dell’attività specifica su parametri antropometrici e di composizione corporea. Solo 33 atlete hanno portato a termine l’intero protocollo per problemi di infortuni, malattie prolungate o perché durante la stagione si sono trasferite a altri club. Da questo lavoro emergono importanti riferimenti che dovrebbero servire per l’ottimizzazione dei programmi d’allenamento durante la stagione agonistica da parte di allenatori e tecnici delle squadre di Pallamano.
Il terzo lavoro ha visto coinvolto 45 giocatori di Basket e 27 di Rugby. I dati di questo lavoro sono stati analizzati in maniera preliminare ma la rilevanza di questa ricerca è data dall’introduzione nel protocollo di lavoro dello scanner tridimensionale per la rilevazione dei parametri antropometrici oltre che dal fatto che gli atleti sono stati testati in 4 diversi momenti (off-season, agosto; pre-season, settembre; mid-season, febbraio e end-season, maggio) e quindi è possibile un analisi più dettagliata delle varie fasi della stagione agonistica sia con un analisi dell’intero campione che nei due sport distinti.Anthropometry and body composition were investigated in 141 athletes (43 female handball players, 60 male basketball players and 38 male Rugby players) trying to introduce modern techniques of research. Linear anthropometry was placed side dy side with 3d anthropometry performed using a body scanner (Breuckmann GmbH). Moreover the regional and total body compositions were assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
In this work we present data about three different paper: The first, Milanese et al, Anthropometry and body composition of female Handball players according to competitive level or the playing position. Journal of Sport Science, (2011), the second, Milanese et al, Effect of a competitive season on anthropometry and tri-compartimental body composition in female Handball players. Biology of Sport, (2012) and the third unpublished.
Anthropometry and body composition were investigated in 43 female handball players from the Italian championships. The study presented new normative physical data on elite and sub-elite female handballers playing in Italian championships using DXA analysis for the first time. The comparison between competitive levels (elite vs. sub-elite) as well as with players in other championships strongly suggest that players in Italian championships need a higher amount and intensity of training to achieve a physique and body composition similar to those of more successful national teams. Furthermore, this study confirms and expands on previous data about anthropometric differences between playing positions in handball.
Forty-three Caucasian female handball players were recruited for this study. Linear anthropometry, skinfold measurement, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to investigate body dimensions and composition (fat mass, lean mass, mineral mass) over an 8-month competitive season. Ten participants were excluded from the final analysis because of long-lasting injury, moving to another team, or illness; therefore, a complete set of repeated measurements (preseason and postseason) was available for 33 players (23 elite, 10 non-elite). The results of this investigation could serve as an important tool in the de¬velopment of guidelines optimizing in-season training programmes for team handball
45 Basketball players and 27 di Rugby players was enrolled in these study. In these study we introduce the use of 3D body scanner to perform anthropometry measurement. A complete dataset (off-season, pre-season, mid-season and end-season ) was available. Preliminary statistical analysis was available for the entire group and subdividing the athletes according the sport
Design, synthesis and anti-HIV activity of new indolyl aryl sulfones (IASs): structure-activity relationship of substituents on the 2-carboxyamides function
No full textAn improved synthesis of ethyl 5-chloro-4-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
No full text[No abstract available
Digital three-dimensional anthropometry detection of exercise-induced fat mass reduction in obese women
No full textPurpose
This work aimed at investigating the ability of a new automatic tool estimating geometrical parameters from photonic 3D scans of human subjects to detect and predict changes in Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured absolute and relative (%) total body (TB) and trunk fat mass (FM) in obese women after exercise training.
Methods
Twenty-five otherwise healthy obese females (age range, 20–60 years; body mass index range, 30–40 kg/m2) who participated in a whole-body vibration exercise programme had DXA and whole-body photonic 3D scanning before and after 10-week training. The 3D automatic digital anthropometric measurements (3D_AM) were: whole-body volume and surface area, maximal average trunk section radius, maximal anterior–posterior distance at the trunk, maximal trunk width and maximal trunk section area. The post–pre difference (Δ) was calculated for each variable and used for correlation (Pearson’s r) and linear regression analysis.
Results
Significant r values were found between Δ of all 3D_AM and Δ TB FM (r > 0.5 for all) as well as four out of six 3D_AM and Δ trunk FM. Percent TB FM and % trunk FM only correlated with trunk digital anthropometric automatic measurements. Linear regression analysis showed that several 3D_AM are able to predict to a significant extent changes in FM and % FM of obese women explaining 12.0–39.9 % of variance in the dependent variable (p 0.050 to <0.001).
Conclusions
The results showed that automatic digital anthropometry is a promising tool for detecting and predicting fat changes in obese subjects
Photonic scanning for anthropometry
Full text linkAnthropometric data are usually collected manually by using calipers and measuring tapes, giving information on the static dimensions of the body in a standard position. These measurements are straightforward, but the amount of yielded information is limited to actual measurements; moreover, the results vary according to the observer’s skill level and measurement protocol, and procedures may be time-consuming. Recently, a number of three-dimensional (3D) anthropometric studies have been performed using fast and contact free measurements by using 3D whole-body scanners the main advantages being: soft tissues are not compressed during data acquisition, row data acquisition is rapid (seconds), repeatability of measurements on the same subjects over time is unlimited. In this work we evaluated the reliability of a new 3D whole-body scanner, the Breuckmann BodyScan, in anthropometric measurement. Six men and six women were enrolled in this study after informed consent; the physical characteristics of the study group were: mean age 22,7±2,16 years; mean stature 168,2±7,38 cm; mean body mass 61,5±6,16 kg. During scanning and manual anthropometry, subjects wore close-fitting underwear. A set of 22 anthropometric measures was chosen to include most of the current circumferences, lengths, and widths taken in anthropometric surveys. Manual anthropometry was performed in duplicate by an experienced anthropometrist according to standard procedures after marking landmarks with a dermographic pen. Measurements were conducted on 3D images of subjects using the same landmarks as manual anthropometry and dedicated software based on a VTK library. Digital measurements were independently performed by the experienced anthropometrist and two naive anthropometrists on two different occasions (Ts1 and Ts2). Data were analyzed using the Pearson’s r, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the student’s t test. Percent coefficient of variation (%CV), technical error of measurement (TEM), and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated as well. Results show excellent agreement of intraobserver duplicate measurements in both the manual and digital mode as well as non significant systematic error. Similar finding were found when digital measurements taken by the expert and the two naïve anthropometrists were compared. Digital anthropometry is a reliable method to investigate the body dimensions without requiring extensive training and experience
Postural threat influences the coupling between anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments in response to an external perturbation
No full textFear of falling increases conscious control of balance and postural threat warrants accurate anticipatory motor commands for keeping a safe body posture. This study examines the anticipatory (APAs) and compensatory (CPAs) postural adjustments generated in response to an external perturbation while individuals are positioned at two different altitudes (2 cm and 80 cm) from the floor level. The main result indicates that due to the perceived emotional threat, different agonist and antagonist muscles synergies (R and C-Indexes) are manifested, particularly during the anticipatory phase. The results suggest that the CNS sends central commands for anticipating postural adjustments by adopting primarily a muscle reciprocal activation instead of a muscle co-activation strategy. Interestingly, the APAs strategies were modified under different postural threats by controlling the agonist-antagonist muscles at different joints of lower extremity. For CPAs the reciprocal activation was less applied compared to muscles co-activation to unsure larger margin for compensatory adjustments as needed and re-establish the postural stability. The results indicate that when facing to a postural threat, the CNS modulates the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural adjustments to minimize the risk of falling
Robust automatic measurement of 3D scanned models for human body fat estimation.
No full textIn this paper we present an automatic tool for estimating geometrical parameters from 3D human scans independenton pose, and robustly against topological noise. It is based on an automatic segmentation of body parts exploiting curve skeleton processing and ad hoc heuristics able to removeproblems due to different acquisition poses and body types. The software is able to locate body trunk and limbs, detect their directions and compute parameters like volumes, areas, girths and lengths.Experimental results demonstrate that measurements provided by our system on 3D body scans of normal and overweight subjects acquired in different poses are highly correlated with body fat estimates obtained on the same subjects with Dual-Energy X-rays absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. In particular, maximal lengths and girths, not requiring precise localization of anatomical landmarks, demonstrate a good correlation (up to 96%) with body fat and trunk fat. Regression models based on our automatical measurements can be used to predict body fat values reasonably well
Investigating predictors of ball-throwing velocity in team handball: the role of sex, anthropometry, and body composition
No full textPURPOSE: In this work we investigated the role of sex, anthropometry and body composition in predicting ball-throwing velocity in skilled team handball players of different competitive level. METHODS: Forty-six handball players (22 males, 24 females) underwent standard anthropometry and body composition analysis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ball-throwing velocity in standing throw from 7 m and three-step running throw from 9 m to a left and right goal was evaluated on court using a radar gun. RESULTS: Results showed that males throw faster than females in all types of throw, independently of several confounding variables. In both sexes, after correction for several confounding variables, bone mineral content and/or density positively correlated with ball-throwing velocity in all types of throw, but lean and fat mass did not. To minimize collinearity problems, we used the sophisticated Random Forests approach to select variables for regression analysis. In the resulting models, bone mineral content and/or density emerged as sole predictors of ball-throwing velocity to a limited (adjusted R2 = 0.10–0.36) albeit significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that, besides sex, the athlete’s bone quality may affect handball-throwing performance, suggesting that specific training aimed at improving bone quality would be of use to players
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