1,720,982 research outputs found
A new theoretical framework of democratic backsliding
No full textMost of the works on democratic backsliding have so far analysed the causes of the deterioration of democratic standards, sometimes proposing corrective mechanisms, but few works have focused on the real meaning of the concept, on the specific trend of institutional change inherent the process of democratic backsliding and its correct application to empirical cases. This paper attempts to fill the gap by providing a theoretical framework of democratic backsliding to explain the phases of its evolution and suggest its application to certain institutional contexts. In this regards, the article is divided into three parts. The first delves into the meaning of the term and proposes a definition applicable to various cases. The second part analyses the phases of the process of institutional change produced by democratic backsliding, with reference to the institutional context within which the phenomenon originates, the third suggests a selection of cases
La dimensione territoriale del revisionismo russo
No full textUna possibile chiave di lettura della politica estera russa, dalla fine degli anni'90 ad oggi, è legata alle dinamiche revisioniste che hanno posto in essere una
visione alternativa all'egemonia americana e alla conseguente espansione della democrazia occidentale, dell'Unione Europea e della Nato nello spazio post-sovietico. Questo articolo si propone di spiegare come la progressiva accettazione dei rischi connessi all'opzione militare abbia consentito alla Russia di scegliere il mezzo più idoneo per il raggiungimento dei propri obiettivi e abbia attribuito alla sua politica revisionista una connotazione territoriale e nazionalista, finalizzata alla stabilizzazione della propria egemonia regionale; al mutamento territoriale dello status quo post sovietico
tramite annessione/controllo di aree strategiche (Ossetia del Sud e Abcasia; Crimea; Donbass); alla difesa dei confini dello spazio post sovietico dinanzi all’espansione della NATO e dell’UE; alla tutela delle minoranze russe residenti nei territori occupati
Russian military interventions in Georgia and Ukraine: responsibility to protect or territorial expansionism?
No full textRevisionismo, nazionalismo, revanscismo: il caso russo (1999-2023)
No full textLa decisione di Vladimir Putin di invadere l'Ucraina ha nuovamente posto all' attenzione degli osservatori internazionali il nesso indissolubile che esiste tra territorio e azione militare nella politica estera russa dell'ultimo ventennio. L'escalation militare, inaugurata proprio con l'intervento in Georgia nell'agosto del 2008, n on solo ha segnato il passaggio dall'accettazione passiva dell'ordine internazionale sorto sulle ceneri dell'URSS alla determinazione a cambiarlo, ma ha sollevato un ampio dibattito sulla natura revisionista , nazionalista o revanscista degli obiettivi russi. Muovendo da questo contesto, il
saggio si propone di spiegare le dinamiche del revisionismo russo suddividendo l'analisi in due fasi: la prima mette a fuoco l'influenza del nazionalismo e del revanscismo nella determinazione della politica estera; la seconda approfondisce il collegamento tra mezzi e fini della strategia russa allo scopo di collocarla nell'ambito di una teoria più generale di revisionismo
Regional and Global Revisionism: Russia and China in a Comparative Perspective
No full textWhat happens when a state is dissatis!ed with its status quo or
perceives its decline on the international stage? What variables
determine the nature, degree and extent of a country’s revisionist
threat? A preliminary distinction between status quo and
revisionist powers lies in the opposite tendency to either
strengthen or threaten the distribution of power and goods,
international rules and territorial order. Drawing on these
premises, a new typology of revisionism is proposed based on
four variables: power capabilities, objectives of the revisionist
policy, the means employed and the level of action. The aim is to
develop a theoretical framework that can identify and
di"erentiate between past and present types of revisionism
through an interpretative grid that takes into account not only
the factors that are already known (for example, objectives and
means) but also the link between power capabilities, objectives
and the level of action. It will thus be possible to explain the
di"erence between the current Russian and Chinese revisionist
policies
Lo scontro di civiltà e la guerra di faglia arabo-israeliana
No full textAfter almost thirty years, Huntington’s theory of the “clash of
civilizations” continues to fuel the international debate and prove increasingly
effective in explaining the identity dynamics underlying the ongoing conflicts
between Arabs and Israelis. This essay aims to explain the current conflict in
terms of “fault line war” in order to analyze the process of identity construction,
demographic change, the explosion of violence and the nature of the actors
involved
Gamblers or Risk-Averse? Competitive Authoritarianism, the Center-Periphery Cleavage and Nationalist Revisionism in Russia and Turkey
No full textRevisionism is a growing phenomenon, particularly in imperial successor states. Which factors transform dissatisfied powers into nationalist revisionists? Our hypothesis is that this is determined by military capabilities as a necessary variable, the presence of an authoritarian regime as an enabling variable, and the centre-periphery cleavage as a driving factor. Comparing the most different cases of Russia and Turkey, we find that both presidents have concentrated the decision to resort to military force in their hands by bypassing or splitting the opposition. Whilst Russia appears as a gambler, Turkey has acted more risk-averse
Introduction: The US Foreign Policy in Front of Global Uncertainty and Regional Fragmentation
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