1,721,219 research outputs found
Preface [to Seeing the unseen]
No full textThe author presents an overview on the state-of-the-art of landscape studies underlying a series of critical issues the papers in the volume face and in some cases resolve
Test site background and outcome of the Aiali project
No full textDuring the International Summer School students and lectures - after three days theoretical lessons - spend four days into the field collecting geophysical measurement. The archaeological test-site is placed on lowland quite close to Grosseto, the city where the University of Siena recently open a satellite of the Department of Archaeology and History of Arts and where there was the headquarter of the Summer School. The site is a further big roman villa starting form the first century AD that we estimated occupied until the sixth century AD. Grid collection and pottery analysis allow us to recognize the re-occupation of the site during the late ninth and tenth century AD. The site measure about 4 hectares in extent so we decide to focus our attention on four square sample of 50 by 50 meters where we rotated four different geophysical methods: magnetometry (fluxgate, Overhouser, Cesium), ground penetration radar (GPR), electro-magnetometry (EM), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT).
In this section we repot the work achieved during the Summer School but also we publish the data collected starting from the 2001 when the site has been discovered during the Aerial Archaeology Research School (Culture 2000 project) to the last survey we did in autumn 2007. One intention working on the Aiali test-site is to apply the highest available level and intensity of archaeological prospection methods on a large, complex and stratified site, producing material from the from Etruscan, Roman and Medieval periods. As our good friend Chris Musson has argued – during one of our long discussions on this topic – the archaeological objective and outcome of the Aiali project has to take account of the critical impact of the kinds of information that are available for recording: to use his own words “in assessing the potential or interpretation of a landscape it is at least as important to know what may not be visible as to appreciate what is visible”.
The first and in the second chapters of section 2 Stefano Campana introduces the site background and the results obtained through remote sensing tools from Quickbird-2 satellite imagery, to vertical air photographs and aerial survey. In chapter 3 Emanuele Vaccaro and Mariaelena Ghisleni provide the results of field walking survey, grid collection and the detailed study of pottery. Chapter 4 is addressed by Stefano Campana and Salvatore Piro to introduce the geophysical surveys of the site. In the next chapter Helmut Becker, Stefano Campana, Thomas Himmler and Iacopo Nicolosi to discuss the results in the sample areas of different magnetic sensors (Fluxgate, Overhouser And Caesium-Magnetometry). Chapter 6 handles with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys by Dean Goodman and Salvatore Piro. Chapter 7 discuss the results obtained through the application of electromagnetic survey by Alain Tabbagh while the next one deals with the last methods applied during field work, electrical survey and is summarized by Michel Dabas and Gianfranco Morelli.
As conclusion Stefano Campana and Salvatore Piro, an archaeologist and a geophysicist, try to combine all the information together. Through a GIS-based analysis the editors integrate different sources geophysical measurement as well satellite imagery, aerial photograph, archaeological information collected during field walking survey and archaeological knowledge. The critical impact of the work is addressed to show the improvement of available archaeological information as a consequence of the improvement of the survey methods
Geophysical surveys
No full textDuring the International Summer School students and lectures - after three days theoretical lessons - spend four days into the field collecting geophysical measurement. The archaeological test-site is placed on lowland quite close to Grosseto, the city where the University of Siena recently open a satellite of the Department of Archaeology and History of Arts and where there was the headquarter of the Summer School. The site is a further big roman villa starting form the first century AD that we estimated occupied until the sixth century AD. Grid collection and pottery analysis allow us to recognize the re-occupation of the site during the late ninth and tenth century AD. The site measure about 4 hectares in extent so we decide to focus our attention on four square sample of 50 by 50 meters where we rotated four different geophysical methods: magnetometry (fluxgate, Overhouser, Cesium), ground penetration radar (GPR), electro-magnetometry (EM), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT).
In this section we repot the work achieved during the Summer School but also we publish the data collected starting from the 2001 when the site has been discovered during the Aerial Archaeology Research School (Culture 2000 project) to the last survey we did in autumn 2007. One intention working on the Aiali test-site is to apply the highest available level and intensity of archaeological prospection methods on a large, complex and stratified site, producing material from the from Etruscan, Roman and Medieval periods. As our good friend Chris Musson has argued – during one of our long discussions on this topic – the archaeological objective and outcome of the Aiali project has to take account of the critical impact of the kinds of information that are available for recording: to use his own words “in assessing the potential or interpretation of a landscape it is at least as important to know what may not be visible as to appreciate what is visible”.
The first and in the second chapters of section 2 Stefano Campana introduces the site background and the results obtained through remote sensing tools from Quickbird-2 satellite imagery, to vertical air photographs and aerial survey. In chapter 3 Emanuele Vaccaro and Mariaelena Ghisleni provide the results of field walking survey, grid collection and the detailed study of pottery. Chapter 4 is addressed by Stefano Campana and Salvatore Piro to introduce the geophysical surveys of the site. In the next chapter Helmut Becker, Stefano Campana, Thomas Himmler and Iacopo Nicolosi to discuss the results in the sample areas of different magnetic sensors (Fluxgate, Overhouser And Caesium-Magnetometry). Chapter 6 handles with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys by Dean Goodman and Salvatore Piro. Chapter 7 discuss the results obtained through the application of electromagnetic survey by Alain Tabbagh while the next one deals with the last methods applied during field work, electrical survey and is summarized by Michel Dabas and Gianfranco Morelli.
As conclusion Stefano Campana and Salvatore Piro, an archaeologist and a geophysicist, try to combine all the information together. Through a GIS-based analysis the editors integrate different sources geophysical measurement as well satellite imagery, aerial photograph, archaeological information collected during field walking survey and archaeological knowledge. The critical impact of the work is addressed to show the improvement of available archaeological information as a consequence of the improvement of the survey methods
Integrated geophysical survey in the urban area the case of n-e foot of palatino hill (Rome,Iitaly)
No full textGPR investigation in different archaeological sites in Tuscany (Italy). Analysis and comparison of the obtained results
No full textA Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) survey can enhance the quantity and quality of information when applied to archaeological prospection. The potential of the GPR method lies both in its relevance to a wide range of site conditions and the complementary nature of the data in comparison
with other geophysical methods.
The areas described in this paper were ‘detected’ by the Laboratory for Landscape Archaeology and Remote Sensing of University of Siena, during aerial prospection between 2001–2005. Analysis of the aerial photographs allowed interpretation of the Aiali, Castellina and Pava sites, province of Grosseto and Siena (Tuscany, Central Italy). These sites are related to quite a limited chronological
range between late Roman and the early mediaeval period.
All sites were studied through a multimethodological project based on the integration of field-
walking and digital global position system (DGPS) surveys combined with different geophysical investigations such as: differential magnetics, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and automatic resistivity profiler (ARP).
This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of GPR over the indicated sites characterized by differences in the soil condition and hypothesized archaeological features. With this method a high-resolution data acquisition was adopted with the aim of reconstructing the location, depth and shape of the archaeological structures in the selected areas. Signal processing and the time-slice representation technique were used for the analysis of the collected data.
Archaeological excavations and interpretations were then conducted systematically after completing the geophysical surveys (from 2006–2009), which confirmed the location and shape of most
of the individualized structures. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy with which GPR data can be matched to excavation data and the improvement in target definition
Putting everything together: GIS-based data integration and interpretation
No full textAs conclusion of several prospection methods on the test site, the authors try to combine all the information together. Through a GIS-based analysis the editors integrate different sources geophysical measurement as well satellite imagery, aerial photograph, archaeological information collected during field walking survey and archaeological knowledge. The critical impact of the work is addressed to show the improvement of available archaeological information as a consequence of the improvement of the survey methods
A note on a class of 4th order hyperbolic problems with weak and strong damping and superlinear source term
Full text linkIn this paper we study a initial-boundary value problem for 4th order hyperbolic equations with weak and strong damping terms and superlinear source term. For blow-up solutions a lower bound of the blow-up time is derived. Then we extend the results to a class of equations where a positive power of gradient term is introduced
Lifespan for solutions to 4-th order hyperbolic systems with time dependent coefficients
No full textWe study blow-up solutions of a nonlinear hyperbolic system of fourth order with time dependent coefficients under Dirichlet or Navier boundary conditions. We prove that under some restrictions on the data there exists a safe interval of existence of the solution and a lower bound of the lifespan is derived. The results are extended to a more general class of systems, where powers of the gradient of the solution are introduced. The proofs are based on some inequalities and coupled estimates techniques
Comparison between 3D inversion of ERT and Total Magnetic Field Data on an Archaeological Site
No full textNon-destructive geophysical prospecting methods are increasingly used for the investigation of archaeological sites, where a detailed physical and geometrical reconstruction of structures is required prior to any excavation work. In this work the comparison between 3D inversions of ERT and vertical gradient of the total magnetic field (VGTMF) data, to delineate sharp discontinuities (boundary of cavities and fractures in the medium) in the Archaeological Test Site of Sabine Necropolis at Research Area of National Research Council of Rome (Montelibretti, Italy) are shown and discussed. While the VGTMF data inversion has been made minimizing an L-2 norm, the ERT data have been inverted minimizing an L-2 and an L-1 norm, obtaining different information and details. The results are then compared in the volume under the surveyed area: merits and shortcomings of the different techniques are pointed out and analyzed. Both ERT and VGTMF locate the tomb; VGTMF overestimates its barycentre depth and gives a smeared volume; ERT L-1 inversion gives a fine picture of the chamber, delineates the corridor and underestimates the resistivities; ERT L-2 inversion gives a broad image of the chamber, does not delineate the corridor but gives more appropriate resistivities
High-resolution geophysical prospecting with integrated methods. The ancient Acropolis of Veio (Rome, Italy)
No full textThe fundamental geophysical goal in archaeological prospection, in near-surface investigations and generally in environmental applications is to construct as complete as possible maps of subsurface targets. The main effort in archaeology is also the integration of different, absolutely non-invasive techniques, especially if they are used in the high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic mode. In the present work a combination of fluxgate differential magnetic, ground penetrating radar and dipole–dipole geoelectric methods has been used with the aim of detecting superficial structures (wall remains and traces of an ancient road) contained in an archaeological test area (ancient Acropolis of Veio, Rome). With all geophysical techniques a high-resolution data acquisition method has been adopted with the aim of reconstruction of a global vision of the area investigated (20 m×20 m). Some signal processing and tomographic representation techniques have been used for data elaboration and interpretation. The results of the geophysical surveys have been confirmed by direct archaeological excavations carried out only at anomalous zones. © 1997 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd
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