1,720,985 research outputs found

    Vegetazione d'Italia. Carta delle serie di vegetazione scala 1:500000. 11- Umbria

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    Cartografia della Vegetazione d'Italia suddivisa in tre carte di grande format

    Dual Role of Copper in the Micropropagation of Olive: Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses from Beneficial Growth to Lethal Stress

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    In olive micropropagation, Copper (Cu) promotes metabolic activity at optimal levels but exerts toxic effects and induces stress and cellular damage when present at excessive concentrations. The present study examined in vitro olive (cv. Moraiolo) shoot cultures under varying Cu concentrations to evaluate the impact of Cu-induced stress on shoot growth and development, as well as the associated physiological and biochemical tolerance mechanisms. Olive shoots were cultured on OM medium (as a control) supplemented with 50, 100, 200, or 300 mu M CuSO45H2O. Morphological and biochemical analyses showed that up to 50 mu M Cu did not cause visible stress symptoms or impair growth, while higher concentrations (100-300 mu M) significantly suppressed or inhibited vegetative growth, and caused a marked reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The contents of oxidative stress markers, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, increased with rising Cu concentrations, serving as reliable indicators of severe stress conditions. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione, ascorbic acid and proline, increased with higher Cu concentrations, playing a protective role against oxidative damage. These findings provide insight into the tolerance mechanisms of olive shoots under Cu stress, offering useful information for optimizing in vitro micropropagation and understanding Cu toxicity in plant tissue culture

    Physiological responses of garden cress (L. sativum) to different types of microplastics

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    In this study, for the first time, acute and chronic toxicity caused by four different kinds of microplastics: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and a commercial mixture (PE + PVC) on Lepidium sativum were evaluated. Parameters considered were: i) biometric parameters (e.g. percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass productions)and ii) oxidative stress (e.g. levels of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, and ascorbic acid). On plants exposed to chronic stress chlorophylls, carotenoids, aminolaevulinic acid, and proline productions were, also, evaluated. PVC resulted the most toxic than other plastic materials tested. This study represents the first paper highlighting microplastics are able to produce oxidative burst in tested plants and could represent an important starting point for future researches on biochemical effects of microplastic in terrestrial environments such as agroecosystems
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