1,720,989 research outputs found
Dental occlusion and ophthalmology: A literature review
Get PDFStomatognathic system is strictly correlated to other anatomical regions; many studies investigated relationship between temporomandibular joint and posture, several articles describe cranio-facial pain from dental causes, such as trigger points. Until now less interest has been given to connections between dental occlusion and ophthalmology, even if they are important and involving. Clinical experience in dental practice claims that mandibular latero-deviation is connected both to eye dominance and to defects of ocular convergence. The trigeminal nerve is the largest and most complex of the twelve cranial nerves. The trigeminal system represents the connection between somitic structures and those derived from the branchial arches, collecting the proprioception from both somitic structures and oculomotor muscles. The intermedius nucleus of the medulla is a small perihypoglossal brainstem nucleus, which acts to integrate information from the head and neck and relays it on to the nucleus of the solitary tract where autonomic responses are generated. This intriguing neurophysiological web led our research group to investigate anatomical and functional associations between dental occlusion and vision. In conclusion, nervous system and functional pathways strictly connect vision and dental occlusion, and in the future both dentists and oculists should be more and more aware of this correlation for a better diagnosis and therapy
Stereomicroscopy in Pre-Clinical and Immunological Studies of Acute and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation
No full textOverjet reduction with the use of the ELIBA device: a case report
No full textThe dental overjet, in subjects with skeletal class II, division I, malocclusion represents one of the difficult problems to resolve for the orthodontist. We describe a case of dental overjet reduction, treated with the Lingual Elevator by Balercia (ELIBA). This orthodontic approach, convenient for patients, can help the orthodontist to solve complex cases of dental overjet
Short-term and long-lasting effects of hypo-cariogenic dietary advice and oral care on oral flora: A randomised clinical trial
No full textPurpose: To investigate the short- and long-term effects of different combinations of dietary instructions on cariogenic food intake and salivary cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans [SM] and Lactobacillus [LB]). Materials and Methods: In this randomised 2-arm parallel study, 75 6-year-old subjects were assigned to repeated (group A; 19M/19F) or isolated (group B; 17M/20F) verbal and/or written dietary advice (VWDA), with foods classified by cariogenic potential. Both groups underwent a baseline salivary test for SM/LB, kept a monthly food diary, and attended 4 weekly visits (T1-T4). At T1-T2; group A only received VDA. At T3, both groups received VWDA. At T4, participants handed in their food diaries and underwent another salivary test. After 1 year (T5), subjects were recalled for weekly food diary monitoring and salivary testing. Relative risk (RR) of high-to-low SM/LB density was calculated at T4 and T5. Results: Comparing groups A and B, VDA determined an increase in the intake of weakly cariogenic food (p < 0.05) and a decrease in that of intermediately cariogenic food (p < 0.05). After VWDA, a statistically significant increase in intake of weakly cariogenic food and a statistically significant decrease in the RR of high-density SM/LB colonies occurred in both groups. At T5, group A showed less intake of highly cariogenic food than did group B (p = 0.05) and persistent, although non-significant, reduction in the RR of high-density SM/LB colonies. Conclusions: Reinforcement measures on behavioural changes towards a noncariogenic diet not only help maintain long-lasting, healthier eating habits, but also decrease the cariogenic bacterial load in the short term, which tends to persist over time
Prognostic importance of long-term SBP variability in high-risk hypertension
No full textOBJECTIVE: In addition to high blood pressure variability (BPV), low BPV was associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in selected high-risk patients. We explored this issue in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) using a nonlinear approach with BPV as a continuous variable. METHODS: Long-term systolic BPV (SBPV) (coefficient of variation, CoV %) was calculated on quarterly visits until a fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular event or all-cause mortality, excluding titration period and patients with missing visits. We used Cox proportional hazard models with penalized smoothing splines to shape the risk of outcomes against the continuum of SBPV (independent variable). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR, 95% CI) were calculated using the reference range derived from the nonlinear model. Sensitivity analysis based on propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. RESULTS: The association of SBPV with fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular events was J-shaped, whereas that with all-cause mortality was linear. After multivariate adjustment, however, the only significant associations remained that of low SBPV (CoV 10%) with the composite of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.80; P= 0.037). Low SBPV was associated with ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.55– 4.91; P< 0.001). There was a significant U-shaped association of SBPV with cardiovascular events in the PSM cohort. CONCLUSION: Nonlinear modeling indicates that low and high long-term SBPV have prognostic relevance in high-risk hypertensive individuals from SPRINT. Randomized trials are needed to test these findings and their potential therapeutic implications
Non-pharmacological strategies against systemic inflammation. molecular basis and clinical evidence
No full textSystemic inflammation is a common denominator to a variety of cardiovascular (CV) and nonCV diseases and relative risk factors, including hypertension and its control, metabolic diseases, rheumatic disorders, and those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Besides medications, a nonpharmacological approach encompassing lifestyle changes and other complementary measures is mentioned in several updated guidelines on the management of these conditions. We performed an updated narrative review on the mechanisms behind the systemic impact of inflammation and the role of non-pharmacological, complementary measures centered on lowering systemic phlogosis for preserving or restoring a good global health. The central role of genetics in shaping the immune response is discussed in conjunction with that of the microbiome, highlighting the interdependence and mutual influences between human genome and microbial integrity, diversity, and functions. Several plausible strategies to modulate inflammation and restore a balanced crosstalk between human genome and the microbiome are then recapitulated, including dietary measures, active lifestyle, and other potential approaches to manipulate the resident microbial community. To date, evidence from high-quality human studies is sparse to allow the unconditioned inclusion of understudied, though plausible, solutions against inflammation into public health strategies for global wellness. This gap claims further focused, well-designed research targeted at unravelling the mechanisms behind future personalized medicine
Malocclusion and perinatal factors: A retrospective study
No full textAim: To evaluate the relationship between perinatal risk factors, including use of pro-and antilabordrugs, and development of dental malocclusion. Methods: Forthis retrospective cohort study, 31 patients with malocclusion (test group) and 31 control subjects were recruited.All study participants were children (aged 6-8 years) with deciduous or mixed dentition. The children’s mothers responded to a questionnaire regarding their perinatal experiences, which was administered byan interviewer who was blinded to the study aim. Following identification of significantly associated variables by univariate analysis, potentially confounding variables were included in the multivariate analysis of significant variables to account for possible bias. Results: No association between breastfeeding and childhood malocclusion risk was found. Pregnancy less than 9 months appeared to enhance malocclusion risk(odds ratio [OR]: 3.48) despite lack of statistical significance. Use of tocolytic drugs was strongly associated with malocclusion risk (OR: 135, 95% CI: 21.0-872), whereas firstborn delivery exhibited a much weaker association (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.03-13.4). Birth by cesarean delivery (OR: 0.446) and same position of fetus during last two months of pregnancy (OR: 0.225) seemed to be slightly protective against malocclusion risk, although the lack of association was not significant. Conclusion: Risk of childhood malocclusion is very strongly associated withprolonged use of beta tocolyticsduring pregnancy. Our study sheds light on the impact of various perinatal risk factors on occurrence of the fetal stomatognathic alterations that ultimately result in malocclusion during childhood
A High Fat Diet Containing Coconut Oil Prevents the Onset of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Experimental Crohn's Disease
No full textAssociation between inflammatory bowel disease and Vitamin D deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Vitamin D plays a role in several immune-mediated diseases, but its association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between IBD and Vitamin D deficiency. Methods: We searched electronic databases from inception to December 2014 for observational studies reporting the presence of Vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] level of ≤20 ng/mL) in IBD patients and having a control group without IBD. Odds ratios (ORs) were combined using a random-effects model. Meta-regression was performed using latitude as a moderator. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Out of 816 citations, 14 eligible studies were identified, comprising 1891 participants (938 IBD cases and 953 controls). Meta-analysis showed that patients with IBD had 64% higher odds of Vitamin D deficiency when compared with controls (OR 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.08; I 2 7%; P < 0.0001). Patients with ulcerative colitis had more than double the odds of Vitamin D deficiency when compared with normal controls (OR 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-4.41; I 2 41%; P 0.01). Latitude did not influence the association between IBD and Vitamin D deficiency (P 0.34). Generalizability of our results might be limited as we summarized unadjusted ORs, because of nonavailability of adjusted ORs in individual studies. Conclusions: IBD is significantly associated with having higher odds of Vitamin D deficiency. Well-designed randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed to further explain the role of Vitamin D in IBD pathogenesis and its therapy
Electromyographic evaluation in children orthodontically treated for skeletal Class II malocclusion: Comparison of two treatment techniques
No full textObjective: To compare the clinical efficacy of two techniques for fabricating a Bimler device by assessing the patientâs surface electromyography (sEMG) activity at rest before treatment and six months after treatment. Methods: Twenty-four patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study; 12 formed the test group and wore a Bimler device fabricated with a Myoprint impression using neuromuscular orthodontic technique and 12 formed the control group and were treated by traditional orthodontic technique with a wax bite in protrusion. The ârestâ sEMG of each patient was recorded prior to treatment and six months after treatment. Results: The neuromuscular-designed Bimler device was more comfortable and provided better treatment results than the traditional Bimler device. Conclusion: This study suggests that the patient group subjected to neuromuscular orthodontic treatment had a treatment outcome with more relaxed masticatory muscles and better function versus the traditional orthodontic treatment
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