1,721,130 research outputs found
Technology transfer for developing countries:Technology Transfer
No full textTwo major new features of social and economic systems have characterized the last two decades. On the one hand, technology increasingly plays a central role in all economic activities, with the rapid pace of technological change. On the other hand, all economic and technological activities have become global. The latter feature means that transfers and interchanges of technologies between countries have increased tremendously, and have become vital to their development
Risorse interne, risorse esterne e diffusione della conoscenza: un’analisi del settore manifatturiero italiano
No full textInducing Efficiency in the Use of Foreign Aid: The Case for Incentive Mechanisms
No full textIn this article we point out that one of the main problems in foreign aid allocation is the efficient use of these funds: as resources available for foreign aid are intrinsically scarce, their efficient use would be in the interest of donors, and especially recipient countries. The aim of this paper is to show how it is possible to design incentive schemes which, by relating the allocation of aid to the way it is used, may induce the recipient country to use these resources appropriately. We discuss potential benefits and problems of different contractual forms, showing how comparing the performances of different countries may help to design optimal incentive mechanisms. Finally, we illustrate a proposal of performance conditioning of the grant element, which may help in tackling the efficiency problem. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved
Social Network Analysis Methodologies for the Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs
No full textInducing Efficiency in the Use of Foreign Aid: the Case for an Incentive Mechanisms Based on Country Performance
No full textUPGRADING IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: LESSONS FROM LATIN AMERICAN CLUSTERS
No full textThe paper summarises the experience of upgrading processes of a sample of industrial clusters in Latin America. On this basis it formulates industrial policy recommendations
Walking before you can run: The knowledge, networks, and institutions for emerging market smes
No full textAdvancing the ability of emerging market small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) to learn, absorb new technologies, and grow is one of the greatest challenges in economic development and to theories of knowledge transfer. This chapter analyzes the mechanisms that can facilitate or impede the participation of Latin American SMEs in global value chains (GVCs), and in turn improve their capabilities and productivity. We attempt to shift the focus of attention that scholars and policy-makers have toward the types of knowledge and network linkages that emerging market SMEs need to sustainably benefit from GVCs. By drawing on recent work from the knowledge theory of the firm, development, and network dynamics, we call into question a core assumption about the necessary benefits that can accrue to SMEs by being tied more closely to sources of pioneering technologies. We argue instead that in order to overcome legacies of resource constraints and technology gaps, these SMEs need access to a variety of applied and experiential knowledge that help them transform their existing organizational capabilities into ones that enable them to implement basic international process andproduct standards, in turn allowing them to learn from potentially fruitful relationships in GVCs. Because of the way such knowledge is created, through intense interactions and exchanges of tacit knowledge, access is constrained. With a focus on the need for broad based upgrading of SME capabilities, we further suggest that particular constellations of interorganizational networks and public-private institutions, often overlooked in IB research, are best suited to facilitate such access
Local content policies: Why mining need consistent policy packages to support capabilities development
No full textIn resource-rich countries, local content policies (LCPs) have been implemented but with mixed results. We argue here that once designed, these policies must be anchored in a policy package that assists companies comply with regulations as well as strengthens local capabilities. To illustrate how this can be achieved, we propose a taxonomy of LCPs with examples.</p
Local-foreign technology interface, resource-based development, and industrial policy: how Chile and Malaysia are escaping the middle-income trap
No full textThis paper starts by showing that Chile and Malaysia are on the path of escaping the middle-income trap in terms of their income level relative to that of the USA. In contrast to the conventional view, we find that the leading export sectors are not manufacturing (such as electronics) in Malaysia or mining alone in Chile. Instead, the engines of growth have been (1) resource-based sectors (petroleum, rubber and palm oil) in Malaysia; and (2) non-mining resource-based sectors (salmon, fruits, wine and wood-based) in Chile. Furthermore, the sustained growth of these sectors is not the result of free-markets, as frequently argued, but also of specific industrial policy measures, that have enabled the accumulation of productive and innovation capabilities through R&D support, fiscal incentives, export assistance, and quality control. We also find that the emergence of locally-controlled firms has been an important aspect of this long-term success, although the sources of the initial learning included foreign actors and FDI. The cases of Chile and Malaysia consequently show the possibility of escaping the middle-income trap not through manufacturing but instead through resource-based development. Such strategy differs from the so-called short cycle technology-based catch-up by the East Asian tigers and from the unsustainable commodity rent-extraction in resource-rich countries, but is consistent with the view that emphasizes the need to specialize in sectors with low entry barriers, and to promote investments in innovation and technological capabilities
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