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A ROBUST SATELLITE TECHNIQUE (RST) FOR DUST STORM DETECTION AND MONITORING: THE CASE OF 2009 AUSTRALIAN EVENT
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A Robust Satellite Technique (RST) for dust storm detection and monitoring: The case of 2009 Australian event
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Tramutoli, V. ; Filizzola, C. ; Marchese, F. ; Mazzeo, G. ; Paciello, R. ; Pergola, N. ; Pietrapertosa, C. ; Sannazzaro, F. ;
Dept. of Eng. & Phys. of the Environ., Univ. of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
This paper appears in: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2010 IEEE International
Issue Date : 25-30 July 2010
On page(s): 1707 - 1709
ISSN : 2153-6996
E-ISBN : 978-1-4244-9564-1
Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-9565-8
References Cited: 25
INSPEC Accession Number: 11686826
Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650621
Date of Current Version : 03 dicembre 2010
Abstract
In this paper, an original method of satellite data analysis named RST (Robust Satellite Technique), already successfully used to study and monitor several natural and environmental hazards, is applied for the first time to a recent dust storm occurred in Australia in September 2009. This event was analyzed implementing RST on MTSAT-1R (Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1Replacement) Japanese geostationary satellite data. Some preliminary results of this study are presented, discussing RST performances even in comparison with traditional split window satellite techniques
Assessing the impact of cloud morphology on infrared sounder scan geometry
Full text linkNext generation infrared sounders from satellites are expected to provide temperature and moisture soundings with an improved vertical resolution. However, this goal could be severely limited by clouds, since infrared sounders are not able to sense through dense clouds. This paper examines the impact of cloud morphology on the scan geometry. More specifically, the problem of how many clear soundings can be achieved, in cloudy areas, as a function of the scan geometry has been addressed. The analysis is particularly devoted to frontal cloud systems which are typically associated with active weather phenomena. These systems are characterized by many spatial scales and result in fractal structures. This particular geometry has been exploited to formulate and check a power law for the dependence of the probability of achieving a clear sounding on the size of the field of view of the sounder. Six Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) scenes over north Europe form the basis of our database and various scan geometries, including mono-pixel and multi-pixel configurations, have been analysed
Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas monitoring: a sensitivity analysis on september 7th 1999 Athens’s earthquake.
No full textSpace-time TIR anomalies, observed from months to weeks before the occurrence of earthquakes, have been suggested, by several authors, as pre-seismic signals. A robust approach (RAT) has recently been proposed (and successfully applied in the field of monitoring major natural and environmental risks) which permits a statistically based definition of TIR anomaly even in the presence of highly variable contributions from atmospheric (e.g. transmittance), surface (e.g. emissivity and morphology) and observational (time/season, but also solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. In this paper the actual potential of satellite TIR surveys is evaluated on the basis of several years of NOAA/AVHRR and METEOSAT observations over Europe. TIR anomalies, possibly associated to the Athens's earthquake which occurred on September 7, 1999, have been particularly considered in order to evaluate the capability of the proposed approach to filter-out noisy contributions to the measured TIR signal due to variable, observational and meteorological, conditions. This study demonstrated the capability of the proposed method to isolate (if any) possible pre-seismic anomalous TIR patterns from the most important noisy contributions to the measured signal. The advantages offered by the use of geo-stationary (quite doubling the achievable signal-to-noise ratio) instead of polar satellite packages result also quite evident after the tests performed in the case of Athens's earthquake. Even if it was not the aim of this paper to confirm or confute the existence of pre-seismic TIR anomalies (an extended number of test-cases should be analyzed before), results here achieved surely encourage the continuation of the studies in this direction permitting, moreover, to devise suitable strategies in order to obtain more firm answers to this fascinating hypothesi
A ROBUST SATELLITE DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE (RST) FOR SAHARAN DUST DETECTION AND MONITORING
No full textA general satellite data analysis approach named RST (Robust Satellite Technique) has been successfully
applied to monitor many natural and environmental risks. In this paper it is applied for the first time to Saharan dust detection by using optical satellite data collected in the visible (VIS) and thermal infrared (TIR) portion of the e.m. spectrum. The problem of identifying Saharan dust clouds, distinguishing them from small, low or thin, meteorological clouds is faced by combining spatial and spectral signatures in the visible and thermal infrared AVHRR remotely sensed radiances. Long term satellite records collected in similar (same time of the day, same month of the year) observational conditions have been used in order to characterize the desert background in terms of
expected signal behaviour in the VIS (for spatial texture analyses) and TIR (for signal intensity analyses)
spectral ranges in absence of dust clouds. Preliminary results achieved in the case of a dust-storms that hit North Africa on May 1997 suggest that the proposed technique, combining spatial and spectral signatures within the framework of the more general RST approach, could actually allow to distinguish between small, low or thin, meteorological clouds and dust clouds even over very variable surface backgrounds
A self-sufficient approach for GERB cloudy radiance detection.
Full text linkGeostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) is the broadband radiometer onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) platform, launched at the end of August 2002 and still in commissioning phase. GERB data is planned to be used in many applications concerning Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) calculation. In order to evaluate the impact of clouds on ERB, a cloud detection is required and, at present, a cloud mask based on higher spatial and spectral resolution data acquired by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the imager onboard the same MSG platform, is planned to be used in order to identify cloudy GERB soundings.
As an alternative, a self-sufficient (only based on GERB data) method (OCA, the One-channel Cloudy-radiance-detection Approach) is proposed, as a time-saving and, probably, more suitable solution than the planned co-location approach.
In this paper, preliminary results obtained by using several years of Meteosat data as well as GERB synthetic radiances (produced from Meteosat-7 observations) are presented. It is shown how results obtained by using GERB data alone can be comparable (and better in terms of number and spatial distribution of clear-sky GERB soundings identified) to the ones achieved if the co-location of a higher resolution cloud mask is use
IN PLACE MERGING OF SATELLITE BASED ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS
No full textAtmospheric water vapour plays a key role in the climatology of the
Earth. It has traditionally been measured using radiosondes for reasons of instrumental
simplicity but these oVer limited opportunities for spatial and continuous
measurements of dynamic water vapour changes over large areas of the Earth’s
atmosphere. EVorts have recently turned to using satellite remote sensing instruments
with diVerent spectral and spatial capabilities to derive measurements of
total water vapour content in atmospheric columns or simply precipitable water.
The merging of remote sensing data with diVerent spectral and spatial capabilities
can result in large biases when independent measurements are not nested correctly
to produce the ® nal product.
Consequently, such merging of data must take into account the intrinsic time
dynamics of measured parameters. In this paper, the impact of atmospheric water
vapour dynamics on the merging of satellite-based retrieval of precipitable water
estimates is investigated by comparing independent measurements obtained at
diVerent spatial resolutions from the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS)
and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Correlations are
used to infer optimal merging parameters depending on the observational conditions.
The authors conclude that the merging technique reproduces HIRS-based
retrievals in cloud-free and partly cloudy locations from AVHRR soundings
ROBUST SATELLITE TECHNIQUES FOR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS MONITORING
No full textThrough this paper the robust approach to monitoring volcanic aerosols by satellite is applied to an extended set of events affecting Stromboli and Etna volcanoes to assess its performance in automated detection of eruptive clouds and in monitoring pre-eruptive emission activities. Using only NOAA/AVHRR data at hand (without any specific atmospheric model or ancillary ground-based measurements) the proposed method automatically discriminates meteorological from eruptive volcanic clouds and, in several cases, identified pre-eruptive anomalies in the emission rates not identified by traditional methods. The main merit of this approach is its effectiveness in recognising field anomalies also in the presence of a highly variable surface background as well as its intrinsic exportability not only on different geographic areas but also on different satellite instrumental packages. In particular, the possibility to extend the proposed method to the incoming new MSG/SEVIRI satellite package (which is going to fly next year) with its improved spectral (specific bands for SO 2 ) and temporal (up to 15 min) resolutions has been evaluated representing the natural continuation of this work
AVHRR Automated detection of volcanic clouds.
Full text linkA new satellite‐based technique has recently been proposed which seems suitable for an automatic detection of volcanic clouds in daytime conditions. In this paper the robustness of such a new approach, in particular in detecting early eruptive clouds, is evaluated, on several eruptive events at Mt Etna, by using five years of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The detection scheme is discussed together with its possible extension to night‐time monitoring and the improvements expected by its application to the next generation of satellite sensors (in particular Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI)) with enhanced spectral and temporal resolution. The proposed approach seems to overcome the limitations related to other proposed methods which, in some conditions (very fresh eruptive clouds, cold‐backgrounds, etc.), give false or missed detection and will no longer be applicable to the next generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) due to the planned reduction of their thermal infrared channels until 2010
Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas. The case of Kocaeli (İzmit) earthquake, August 17th, 1999.
No full textSpace-time anomalies of Earth's emitted radiation in the thermal infrared spectral range (TIR) measured from satellite months to weeks before the occurrence of earthquakes, have been interpreted, by several authors, as pre-seismic signals. The claimed connection of TIR emission with seismic activity has been considered, up to now, with some caution by the scientific community mainly for the insufficiency of the validation data-sets and the scarce importance attached by those authors to other causes (e.g. meteorological) that, rather than seismic activity, could be responsible for the observed TIR signal fluctuations.
In this paper, a robust satellite data analysis technique is described which pen-nits us to identify anomalous space-time TIR signal transients even in very variable observational (satellite view angle, land topography and coverage, etc.) and natural (e.g. meteorological) conditions. A statistically well-founded definition of TIR anomaly is given and proposed as a suitable tool for satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions. Eight years of Meteosat TIR observations have been analyzed in order to characterize the TIR signal behavior at each specific observation time and location. Space-time TIR signal transients have then been analyzed, both in the presence (validation) and in the absence of (confutation) seismic events, looking for possible space-time relationships. The devastating earthquake which occurred in Turkey (Izmit.. August 17, M(S)similar to 7.8) in 1999 has been considered as a test case for validation, relatively unperturbed periods (no earthquakes with M > 5) were taken for confutation purposes. Quite intense (S/N > 3.5) and rare, spatially extensive and time persistent, TIR signal transients were identified appearing eight days before the Izmit main shock in Greece, moving to Turkey on August 13 and disappearing, moving back to Greece, some days after. Possible implications of such results, together with present limitations of the proposed technique, will also be discussed in the light of the improved performances expected by its extension to other existing or future satellite packages
Seismically active area monitoring by robust TIR satellite techniques: a sensitivity analysis on low magnitude earthquakes in Greece and Turkey
No full textInternational audienceSpace-time TIR anomalies, observed from months to weeks before earthquake occurrence, have been suggested by several authors as pre-seismic signals. Up to now, such a claimed connection of TIR emission with seismic activity has been considered with some caution by scientific community mainly for the insufficiency of the validation data-sets and the scarce importance attached by those authors to other causes (e.g. meteorological) that, rather than seismic activity, could be responsible for the observed TIR signal fluctuations. A robust satellite data analysis technique (RAT) has been recently proposed which, thanks to a well-founded definition of TIR anomaly, seems to be able to identify anomalous space-time TIR signal transients even in very variable observational (satellite view angle, land topography and coverage, etc.) and natural (e.g. meteorological) conditions. Its possible application to satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions has been already tested in the case of several earthquakes (Irpinia: 23 November 1980, Athens: 7 September 1999, Izmit: 17 August 1999) of magnitude higher than 5.5 by using a validation/confutation approach, devoted to verify the presence/absence of anomalous space-time TIR transients in the presence/absence of seismic activity. In these cases, a magnitude threshold (generally M In this work, 9 medium-low magnitude (
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