1,721,136 research outputs found

    Template effect of tetrathiafulvalene in the formation of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)

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    The template effect exerted by tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) in the ring-closure reaction of the trication 5(3+) yielding cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) has been quantitatively evaluated in acetonitrile at 62 degrees C with UV-vis spectrophotometry. The rate of ring closure of the trication 5(3+) largely increases in the presence of the template (a maximum increase of ca. 80 times at [TTF] approximate to 0.14 M). The results are compared with those of other aromatic templates, 2 and 3, that were provided with polyethereal sidearms and indicate that the template ability of tetrathiafulvalene is comparable or better than that of the others

    Ricolonizzazione di pino nero sopra la treeline. Dinamismi spazio-temporali in Appennino centrale

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    Recent pasture abandonment and climate warming seemed to have induced secondary succession processes in the treeline ecotones of the Central Apennines. In several locations, above the current closed forest line (located between 1400-1600 m amsl), in the absence of other woody species, we have found scattered cohorts (4-36 years) of Pinus nigra. We have investigated different sites in the central Apennines to test the role of climate change as the main driving force of the pine expansion and the adaptation of the species to changing environmental conditions
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