1,721,003 research outputs found
Postharvest stilbenes and flavonoids enrichment of table grape cv Redglobe (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by interactive UV-C exposure and storage conditions
No full textFlavonoids and stilbenes are secondary metabolites produced in plants that can play an important health-promoting role. The biosynthesis of these compounds generally increases as a response to biotic or abiotic stress; therefore, in order to achieve as high phenolic accumulation as possible, the interactive effects of storage conditions (temperature and time) and UV-C radiation on polyphenols content in postharvest Redglobe table grape variety were investigated. During a storage time longer than 48 h, both cold storage (4°C) and UV-C exposure of almost 3 min (2.4 kJ m 2) positively enhanced the content of cis- and trans-piceid (34 and 90 μg g 1 of skin, respectively) together with quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (15 and 140 μg g 1 of skin, respectively) up to three fold respect to control grape samples. Conversely, catechin was not significantly affected by irradiation and storage treatments. With regard anthocyanins, the highest concentrations of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-Oglucoside were observed in Redglobe, stored at both room temperature and 4°C, after 5 min (4.1 kJ m 2) of UV-C treatment and 24 h of storage. Gathered findings showed that combined postharvest treatments can lead to possible "functional" grapes, within normal conditions of market commercialization, responding to the rising consumers demand to have foods that support and promote health
Endoscopic endonasal approaches for cerebrospinal fluid leaks repair.
No full textObjective: A variety of techniques have been described for the repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks at the anterior skull base. Conservative management includes bed rest, avoidance of straining activities, and temporary CSF diversion with serial lumbar punctures or lumbar drains. Surgical repair may be achieved transcranially through a bifrontal craniotomy, extracranially through an external ethmoidectomy or frontal sinusotomy, or transnasally with microscopic or endoscopic visualization. Method: Between January 2006 and May 2011, 30 patients with nontraumatic and traumatic CSF rhinorrhea were treated at the Departments of Neurosurgery and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Universities of Rome "La Sapienza". All patients underwent surgery: 5 patients (15%) were treated by a combined intracranial and endoscopic endonasal approach and 25 patients were treated (91.1%) by the endoscopic endonasal approach alone. In our study, we used autologous material, the fascia lata, free grafts of septal or middle turbinate mucoperichondrium, and septal cartilage grafts, and in cases with a large deficit in the posterior wall of the sphenoid or clivus, a pedicle flap from sphenopalatine artery of septal mucosa is used. Results: Only in 2 cases was there an appearance of secondary rhinoliquorrhea with a success rate of 94%, in line with what is described in international literature. Conclusions: Posttraumatic cerebrospinal leak in our experience can be treated through endoscopic approach, in selected cases, using autologous materials with a few relapse of the pathology. Endoscopic endonasal technique offers a high viewing of surgical field and it permits to manage even larger lesions with minimally invasivity. Copyright © 2013 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD
Surgical treatment of pial cerebellar arteriovenous fistulas with aneurysm of the main feeder artery
No full textBACKGROUND: Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are rare vascular lesions only recently considered distinct from arteriovenous malformations. Conservative management was associated with a high mortality rate. The abnormality of the lesion arises from its high-flow nature. The authors present a case of a cerebellar pAVF associated with aneurysms of the main feeding artery that was surgically treated. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54-year-old woman was referred to us after an attack of severe headache and vomiting. Computerized tomography scan visualized a hematoma of the fourth ventricle. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a cerebellar pAVF mainly fed by the right posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and with drainage into one of the superior cerebellar veins. The PICA presented a saccular aneurysm on its fourth segment and a fusiform dilatation on its third segment. The patient underwent surgical operation via a midline suboccipital craniotomy. The fusiform dilatation was wrapped and the saccular aneurysm was clipped. The most fistulous connections were closed. The draining vein at the level of torcular herophili was closed by application of a clip. Control DSA demonstrated exclusion of both the aneurysms and the fistula from the circulation. At 1-year follow-up, the patient was neurologically intact. CONCLUSIONS: The association of a cerebellar pAVF and an aneurysm is rare. Surgical treatment of multiple-channel arteriovenous fistulas by closure of venous varix should guarantee the exclusion from the circulation and avoid recruitment of new arterial connections and recurrence. Attention must be paid to normal venous channels draining into the varix
An analysis of the effects of water regime on grapevine canopy status using a UAV and a mobile robot
Full text linkIn this paper, we propose a novel approach for analyzing the effects of water regime on grapevine canopy status using robotics as an aid for monitoring and mapping. Data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground mobile robot are used to obtain multispectral images and multiple vegetation indexes, and the 3D reconstruction of the canopy, respectively. Unlike previous works, sixty vegetation indexes are computed precisely by using the projected area of the vineyard point cloud as a mask. Extensive experimental tests on repeated plots of Pinot gris vines show that the GDVI, PVI, and TGI vegetation indexes are positively correlated with the water potential: GDVI (R2=0.90 and 0.57 for the stem and pre-dawn water potential, respectively), PVI (R2=0.90 and 0.57), TGI (R2=0.87 and 0.77). Furthermore, the canopy volume and the canopy area projected on the ground are impacted by the water status, as well as stem and pre-dawn water potential measurements. The results obtained in this work demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and the potential of robotic technologies, supporting precision viticulture
Exploring the Role of Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSCs) Under Abiotic Stresses on Woody Plants: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkGlobal climate change has increased the severity and frequency of abiotic stresses, posing significant challenges to the survival and growth of woody plants. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), including starch and sugars, play a vital role in enabling plants to withstand these stresses, helping to stabilize cellular functions by buffering plant energy demands and facilitating recovery on the alleviation of stress. Despite the recognized multiple functions of NSCs, the contrasting effects of multiple abiotic stresses on NSCs dynamics in woody plants remain poorly understood. This review aims to explore the current knowledge of the contrasting effects of abiotic stress conditions including drought, salinity, heat, water logging, and cold on NSCs dynamics. The roles of NSCs in regulating stress-resilience responses in woody plants are also discussed, along with the challenges in NSC measurement, and options for future research directions are explored. This review is based on comprehensive literature research across different search engines like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2000–2024) using targeted keywords. This study compiles the current research on NSCs functions and provides insights into the adaptive strategies of woody plants in response to changing climate conditions, providing groundwork for future research to improve stress tolerance in woody plants
Osservazioni preliminari sull’efficacia del trattamento con acqua calda di materiale di propagazione della vite contro Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
No full textNursery practices influence Phaemoniella chlamydospora infections in grapevine grafted rootstocks
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