1,721,266 research outputs found
Neural substrates of visual and musical art: a book review of “Neuropsychology of Art: Neurologic, cognitive, and evolutionary perspectives” by Dahlia W. Zaidel Hove, UK: Psychology Press
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Sense of direction: The importance of the environmental familiarity [Il senso dell'orientamento: Quanto conta la familiarità con l'ambiente?]
No full textThe present study investigates the self-report sense of direction (SOD) considering the different role of some internal factors (gender, cognitive style and familiarity with the environment) by means of a new self-report questionnaire. Instruments used until now have considered just gender and cognitive styles but never familiarity. Here, following these considerations, we aimed to observe if familiarity can also influence SOD. With this aim we asked at eighty college students to fill in a familiarity and cognitive style questionnaire. Our results showed the importance to consider the three factors when evaluating the individual's SOD. Indeed, when people have a cognitive style based on poor spatial ability (i.e., landmark) they will be able to represent the environment like-map (i.e., survey corresponding to a cognitive style based on high spatial ability) only when they are highly familiar with it. In conclusion, to have a real orienteering individual profile and to individuate specific topographical orientation disorder it is very useful to consider each individual internal factor
Sense of direction: The importance of the environmental familiarity [Il senso dell'orientamento: Quanto conta la familiarità con l'ambiente?]
No full textThe present study investigates the self-report sense of direction (SOD) considering the different role of some internal factors (gender, cognitive style and familiarity with the environment) by means of a new self-report questionnaire. Instruments used until now have considered just gender and cognitive styles but never familiarity. Here, following these considerations, we aimed to observe if familiarity can also influence SOD. With this aim we asked at eighty college students to fill in a familiarity and cognitive style questionnaire. Our results showed the importance to consider the three factors when evaluating the individual's SOD. Indeed, when people have a cognitive style based on poor spatial ability (i.e., landmark) they will be able to represent the environment like-map (i.e., survey corresponding to a cognitive style based on high spatial ability) only when they are highly familiar with it. In conclusion, to have a real orienteering individual profile and to individuate specific topographical orientation disorder it is very useful to consider each individual internal factor
IL SENSO DELL’ORIENTAMENTO: QUANTO C ONTA LA FAMILIARITÀ CON L’AMBIENTE?
No full textIl presente lavoro intende valutare la percezione che le persone hanno del
proprio senso dell’orientamento (SO) considerando la possibile influenza dei fattori interni
(sesso, stile cognitivo e familiarità con l’ambiente) attraverso la presentazione di
un nuovo questionario. Gli strumenti finora usati considerano il genere o gli stili cognitivi
ma non la familiarità con l’ambiente. Sulla base di queste considerazioni, abbiamo
voluto verificare se la familiarità influenza anche l’auto-valutazione del proprio
SO. A tal fine si è richiesto a ottanta studenti di rispondere ad un questionario sul
senso dell’orientamento e sulla familiarità ambientale. I risultati mostrano l’importanza
di considerare tutti e tre i fattori quando si valuta il SO di un individuo: anche
se una persona ha uno stile cognitivo caratterizzato da scarse competenze spaziali (es.
landmark) sarà in grado di avere una rappresentazione mentale tipo-mappa (es. survey,
equivalente ad uno stile cognitivo con elevate competenze spaziali) di un ambiente che
conosce molto bene. In conclusione, per avere una fotografia fedele di come si orienta
un individuo e rilevare anche eventuali disturbi specifici dell’orientamento è utile non
trascurare nessuno dei fattori interni.The present study investigates the self-report sense of direction (SOD) considering
the different role of some internal factors (gender, cognitive style and familiarity
with the environment) by means of a new self-report questionnaire. Instruments
used until now have considered just gender and cognitive styles but never familiarity.
Here, following these considerations, we aimed to observe if familiarity can also influence
SOD. With this aim we asked at eighty college students to fill in a familiarity and
cognitive style questionnaire. Our results showed the importance to consider the three
factors when evaluating the individual’s SOD. Indeed, when people have a cognitive
style based on poor spatial ability (i.e., landmark) they will be able to represent the environment
like-map (i.e., survey corresponding to a cognitive style based on high spatial
ability) only when they are highly familiar with it. In conclusion, to have a real orienteering
individual profile and to individuate specific topographical orientation disorder
it is very useful to consider each individual internal factor
FAMILIARITY AND SPATIAL COGNITIVE STYLE: HOW IMPORTANT ARE THEY FOR SPATIAL REPRESENTATION?
No full textHow we acquire and represent spatial information is one of the most important unsolved issues in spatial cognition. Siegel and White (1975) affirmed that different forms of environmental knowledge are acquired and represented depending on the type of information selected: landmark, characterized by environmental patterns that are perceptually salient or important for the person; route, based on the pathes generally used to connect landmarks; and survey, an overall configuration of the environment, similar to a map. According to these authors, anyone can reach survey representation with extensive experience of the environment. Recently, Pazzaglia and co-workers (2000) demonstrated that these three types of representations correspond to three different spatial cognitive styles. Conversely, according to Montello (1998) a pure landmark or route representation does not exist; indeed, during their first exposure to the environment, people acquire and represent an overall survey configuration of it. Our aim was to determine whether environmental familiarity and/or spatial cognitive style predict the way we acquire and represent spatial information. Forty participants who had different degrees of familiarity with the Italian city of Bologna took part in the experiment. Familiarity with Bologna was evaluated using a questionnaire. This city was selected because it has a small and well-defined centre that can be easily explored on foot. Participants were further subdivided by spatial cognitive style to assess its weight in environmental representation. They performed six spatial tasks concerning Bologna that measured different spatial abilities, based on Siegel and White's frameworks (1975). We found that neither familiarity with the environment nor spatial cognitive style predict the correct solution of landmark tasks, whereas both familiarity with the environment and spatial cognitive style predict the correct solution of route and survey tasks.. Thus, we can affirm that both familiarity with the environment and spatial cognitive style are important for acquiring and representing spatial information, but their involvement depends on task demands. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which knowledge of a real town has been measured. This ecological setting allowed us to propose a new model to explain individual differences in moving successfully through the environment
Terapia Neuropsicologica in un caso di Disturbo Generalizzato dello Sviluppo Non Altrimenti Specificato (DGS-NAS)
No full textThe Role of Emotional Landmarks on Topographical Memory
Full text linkThe investigation of the role of emotional landmarks on human navigation has been
almost totally neglected in psychological research. Therefore, the extent to which
positive and negative emotional landmarks affect topographical memory as compared
to neutral emotional landmark was explored. Positive, negative and neutral affectladen
images were selected as landmarks from the International Affective Picture
System (IAPS) Inventory. The Walking Corsi test (WalCT) was used in order to test the
landmark-based topographical memory. Participants were instructed to learn and retain
an eight-square path encompassing positive, negative or neutral emotional landmarks.
Both egocentric and allocentric frames of references were considered. Egocentric
representation encompasses the object’s relation to the self and it is generated from
sensory data. Allocentric representation expresses a location with respect to an external
frame regardless of the self and it is the basis for long-term storage of complex layouts.
In particular, three measures of egocentric and allocentric topographical memory were
taken into account: (1) the ability to learn the path; (2) the ability to recall by walking
the path five minutes later; (3) the ability to reproduce the path on the outline of the
WalCT. Results showed that both positive and negative emotional landmarks equally
enhanced the learning of the path as compared to neutral emotional landmarks. In
addition, positive emotional landmarks improved the reproduction of the path on the
map as compared to negative and neutral emotional landmarks. These results generally
show that emotional landmarks enhance egocentric-based topographical memory,
whereas positive emotional landmarks seem to be more effective for allocentric-based
topographical memory
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