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СТАЛИНСКАЯ “ИЕРАРХИЯ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ” И ВЕЛИКИЙ ГОЛОД 1931–1933 гг. В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
No full textIn his article about the Great Famine of 1931–1933 in Kazakhstan, Niccolò Pianciola argues that that main reason for the disaster that claimed the lives of every third Kazakh was the incompetence and dogmatism of Stalin’s rapid modernization. More precisely, the forced integration of Kazakhs in mass society (in its version of total state control) wittingly ignored any specifics of nomad lifestyle and economy, perceiving the accepted model of modernization as a practical plan rather than an “ideal type.” This explains the relatively higher rate of mortality among Kazakhs than among Ukrainians during the Holodomor
The collectivization famine in Kazakhstan, 1931-1933
No full textKazakhstan was a Soviet republic in which nomadic or semi-nomadic herdsmen constituted an exceptionally large percentage of the population. Here, Pianciola talks about the collectivization famine in the country from 1931 to 1933. Among other things, he notes that the collapse of agricultural production and animal husbandry, the inability to contain the social crisis triggered by collectivization, and the increasingly insistent protests arriving from the apparatchiks in Kazakhstan, especially from Kazakh officials, convinced Moscow to remove the Goloshchekin in January 1933, at the height of famine
Interpreting an insurgency in Soviet Kazakhstan : the OGPU, Islam and Qazaq 'Clans' in Suzak, 1930
No full textThe social and political relevance of categories such as “tribes” and “clans” in Central Asian societies supposedly organized around segmentary lineage systems is one of the most influential social sciences paradigms applied to the region. The present paper will assess the relevance of “tribal” identification, and the mobilization of tribal categories, during the forced collectivization campaign in 1930, the last period in which it is possible to find, in the documentation produced by the Tsarist/Soviet state, an extensive reference to the tribal/segmentary discourse in the description of Qazaq society. To this end, I will focus on a case-study of an anti-Soviet insurgency in Southern Kazakhstan in and near the town of Suzak during February 1930. The main documentary basis of the study is provided by OGPU reports and interrogations of insurgents, a source rarely used by historians because of the difficult accessibility of the former political police archives in many post-Soviet states. The paper will assess the usefulness of this documentation for the social history of the region during the early Soviet Union, arguing that this kind of source cannot be easily dismissed as a mere refraction of ideological categories produced by the Communist state. In the specific case-study at hand, I will try to show how “tribal” categories and alleged groups cannot explain the patterns and the leadership of the anti-Soviet revolts, even by the OGPU as an interpretative tool in order to understand the events unfolding in the countryside on the eve of the great famine of 1931-33. At the same time, I will show how forms of Islamic authority informed insurgents’ actions, and how the OGPU interpreted the connection between religious motives, (alleged) networks, and the insurgency. In line with some of the findings of the most recent anthropological research about other pastoral regions of Central Asia, this paper argues that tribal and clan names cannot be considered as corresponding to corporate groups and to social actors, and that the legacy of Tsarist administrative practice, and its influence on the socio-political relevance of “tribal” categorization, should be taken into consideration as an important factor in the social history of early Soviet Kazakhstan
Between Migration and Deportation: Protestants and Catholics in the Kazakh Steppe (Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)
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La «promessa infranta»: la Russia e l’allargamento della NATO
No full textIntroduzione
Le idee sbagliate sul conflitto - Marcello Flores e Niccolò Pianciola
L’Ucraina post sovietica: nazione etnica e nazione politica - Simone Attilio Bellezza
Il crollo dell’URSS: insegnamenti per chi voglia ricostruire l’Impero - Marco Buttino
La «promessa infranta»: la Russia e l’allargamento della NATO - Riccardo Mario Cucciolla e Niccolò Pianciola
La questione russa e i limiti della politica di influenza moscovita nelle Repubbliche ex sovietiche - Carolina de Stefano
Perché i russi sostengono l’avventura mortifera di Putin - Alexis Berelowitch
Guerra e memoria nella Russia di Putin - Andrea Gullotta
Il genocidio: l’accusa di Putin nella terra dell’Holodomor - Marcello Flores
«La guerra che verrà / non è la prima». Il diritto internazionale alla prova della crisi ucraina - Gabriele Della Morte
La memoria del passato nella Russia di Putin - Francesca Gori
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