1,721,306 research outputs found
Is tigecycline a suitable option for Clostridium difficile infection? Evidence from the literature
No full textClostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become the most frequent cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea in developed countries, causing an increase in mortality, recurrences or treatment failure. In the search for new and more effective drugs, researchers recently turned their attention to tigecycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the glycylglycine class available as an intravenous formulation for human use, which has also shown in vitro activity against C. difficile. We performed a literature review of articles addressing in vitro as well as in vivo studies and case reports on the effectiveness of tigecycline, whose use is promising especially in light of its high faecal excretion. The available evidence suggests that tigecycline could play a role as an alternative therapeutic option for critically ill patients or cases of refractory CDI
Nosocomial pulmonary infections in HIV-positive patients.
No full textPurpose of Review Nosocomial infections (NI) constitute a significant public health problem and contribute to prolonged hospitalization, additional healthcare costs, and excess morbidity and mortality. Immunocompromised patients, including HIV-infected individuals, are at increased risk for NI, and 15-18.3% of them are represented by lower respiratory tract infections. Nosocomial pulmonary infections (NPI) appear to be more common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a result of the degree of immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a result of the degree of immunosuppression, prior use of antibiotics, and exposure to invasive procedures.
Recent findings This article reviews the epidemiologic and clinical evidences and reports on the occurrence of NPI in HIV-infected inpatients.
Summary Although underestimated, NI occur commonly in HIV-infected patients, and among them nosocomial pneumonia, including tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The improvement of antiretroviral therapeutic options in developed countries has resulted in a decreased hospitalization rate of HIV-infected individuals. Healthcare delivery in the in- and outpatient setting represents a potential for infections, including lower respiratory tract ones, according to the degree of immunosuppression and the intensity of invasive procedures.
To minimize the risk of acquisition of healthcare associated low respiratory tract infections, adherence of healthcare workers to common infection practices, specific respiratory precautions, and early identification of persons who have tuberculosis, should be strengthened
Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19. Friend or foe
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Are there reasons to prefer tetracyclines to macrolides in older patients with community-acquired pneumonia?
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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for Clostridium difficile infection: focus on immunocompromised patients
No full textClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an emerging problem worldwide associated with significant morbidity, mortality, recurrence rates and healthcare costs. Immunosuppressed patients, including HIV-seropositive individuals, solid organ transplant recipients, patients with malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and patients with inflammatory bowel disease are increasingly recognized as being at higher risk of developing CDI where it may be associated with significant complications, recurrence, and mortality. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of recurrent or refractory CDI in immunocompetent patients by restoring the gut microbiota and resistance to further recurrences. During the last two years the first data on FMT in immunocompromised patients began to appear in the medical literature. Herein we summarize the use of FMT for the treatment of CDI with a focus on immunocompromised patients.of FMT for the treatment of CDI with a focus on immunocompromised patients
Treatment options for community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly people
No full textCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in elderly people. Because older persons are the fastest growing segment of the population, a further increase of the incidence of CAP is expected in the next few years. Due to the high frequency, the different epidemiology, the atypical clinical presentation and the age-related modifications in drug metabolism that complicate the treatment, infections in the elderly people represent a major challenge for physicians. Despite the peculiarity of the management of CAP in the elderly people, no specific recommendations for antimicrobial treatment are provided in the international guidelines. The aim of this review is to give an update of the current antibiotic options for CAP in the elderly people reporting available data on the CAP etiology and risk factors, and tolerability, toxicity and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic of antimicrobial agents used for elderly patients
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