1,721,093 research outputs found
Funzioni esecutive e tossicodipendenza: studio in un campione della provincia di Cagliari,
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Genetics, lifestyles, evironment and longevity: a look in a complex phenomenon
No full textIn the last decades, the worldwide progressive ageing of population has had as a principal consequence to focus attention of researchers on the study of different variables that can help people to age well (1-6). The awareness that ageing is a complex phenomenon, that affects different aspects and dominions of life, has led researchers to analyze it from different points of view (physiological one, psychological one, sociological one and so on). From a functional and a physiological point of view, ageing could be seen as a complex process where something changes. The results of these changes can be a reduction of functional abilities, the quantity of these reduction can vary a lot (7). Nowadays there is a relative agreement between researchers in the findings that genetic and constitutional factors can control about 25%-30% of these changes and of the chance to age well, while other variables, mainly related to lifestyles, can control the remaining 70%-75 (8). What variables are related to these changes and what can be the real level of reduction of functional abilities is perhaps the consequences of the complex interaction between different variables, genetics or constitutional ones, on one side, and behavioral and environmental ones, on the other side. The study of this complex mechanism is the focus of recent studies, mainly aiming to derive specific models of intervention to promote well-being in people who are ageing. A field of specific interest is the study of genetic basis of longevity (6, 8-18). In this paper we will describe and analyze some recent findings in this field, also deriving from the experiences of long-lived people and centenarians (15) which can be a sort of “natural experiment” from which we could derive information about ageing and ageing well. Then, we will discuss some issues for future researches and for intervention
From Disablement to enablement: conceptual models of disability in the twentieth century
No full textPurpose. The aim of this work is to provide a general view of the conceptual elaborations on disablement in the 20th century
and to discuss the role of these different contributions in developing the current concepts of disablement.
Method. A review of the literature on conceptual models of disablement in the past century has been performed.
Results. The 20th century has witnessed important theoretical considerations on health, diseases and their consequences.
These considerations have generated various conceptual models, some of which share the same focus and point of arrival, the
so-called ‘Disablement Process’. Among the models that were developed, two stand out, which were drafted and
disseminated under the aegis of the World Health Organization, namely the International Classification of Impairments,
Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), but
these are just one part of the conceptual elaboration in the field. Further conceptualization was produced in health and social
settings by specialists, self-advocacy associations and activist groups.
Conclusions. The current ICF model of the World Health Organization has been translated and recognized in 191
countries; it also incorporates the contribution of self-advocacy associations and it is now recognized by most of them. This
model has enjoyed higher visibility than other conceptual models, though its level of development was not higher or more
original. To our opinion the ICF is not very clear on the essential choice of the model, i.e., to see disablement as a dynamic
process that happens when personal limits collide with socio-environmental needs, rather than as a personal feature. This
choice is instead clearer in other models, like Nagi’s 1991, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) model by Brandt and Pope,
where the identification of three dimensions (the individual, the environment and the individual-environment interaction)
clarifies the role played by all three dimensions within the process of disablement and introduces major hints for further
considerations on how to create virtuous processes of enablement
La codifica degli errori in una prova di calcolo secondo i modelli neuropsicologici: dati normativi dalla terza elementare alla terza media
No full textCalcolo e numero: riflessioni sullo sviluppo e sulla diagnostica della discalculia evolutiva
No full textLa valutazione delle competenze di decodifica nella lettura di parole in età evolutiva: un test per l’analisi dell’influenza di variabili lessicali ed ortografiche
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Disabilità intellettiva, stigmatizzazione e modello sociale della disabilità: esemplificazioni cliniche
No full textNeuropsicologia e comportamenti complessi: il profilo neuropsicologico nell'abuso di sostanze
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