196,013 research outputs found
Ricoveri psichiatrici con doppia diagnosi alcol-relata.
No full textRicoveri psichiatrici con doppia diagnosi alcol-relata.
M. Bellini, B. Mondardini, C. Petio, S. Di Marco
SPDC, Ospedale Maggiore, AUSL di Bologna e Istituto di
Psichiatria, Università
Introduzione: i tassi di comorbosità di Disturbo da Uso di
Sostanze fra i pazienti psichiatrici variano dal 18% al 64%
(Brady 1991, Lin 1998). La gravità psichiatrica conduce
sempre più spesso a ricoveri ospedalieri in SPDC di pazienti
con tale comorbosità.
Scopo e metodi: abbiamo programmato una ricerca sui ricoveri
psichiatrici ospedalieri consecutivi con Doppia Diagnosi
(DD), durata 3 anni e completata nel gen. 2005, presso
l’SPDC dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Bologna. La metodologia
prevede diagnosi DSM-IV con la MINI, una intervista
semi-strutturata per variabili tossicologiche e psichiatriche,
routine di laboratorio. Dai 364 ricoveri con DD, vengono
estratti e presentati i 277 ricoveri (maschili nel 70,8% dei
casi) con Abuso o Dipendenza da Alcol.
Risultati: oltre al tasso di prevalenza di ricoveri con DD rispetto
a tutti i ricoveri psichiatrici, vengono illustrate le variabili
relative al campione globale, quindi comparativamente
quelle relative ai 2 sottogruppi costituiti da alcolisti
puri e da alcolisti che usano anche sostanze non-alcoliche.
Quindi vengono indagati e studiati statisticamente la ripetitività
e la modalità dei ricoveri.
Le sostanze più spesso usate in combinazione sono cannabis
e cocaina.
Conclusioni: fra i vari reperti, emerge presenza di precedenti
ricoveri psichiatrici in 4 quinti dei ricoveri, e tentato
suicidio recente / in atto, in un terzo dei ricoveri
Un caso di overdose da citalopram in polifarmacoterapia con topiramato: determinazione dei livelli plasmatici mediante HPLC
No full textDetermination of selected phenothiazines in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with coulometric detection
No full textA new analytical method, based on a liquid chromatography with coulometric detection, has been developed and applied to the determination of selected phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine, Promazine, Fluphenazine and Levomepromazine) in human plasma. The drugs were separated on a Discovery HS F5 column, using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (32 %) and a pH 1.9 phosphate buffer (68 %). Promethazine was used as the internal standard. Detection was carried out at an oxidation potential of + 0.500 V. A novel clean-up procedure was developed by means of solid-phase extraction, using cyanopropyl cartridges, which allowed good extraction yield for all the analytes, with absolute recovery values higher than 91.0 %. The detector response was linear over a plasma concentration range of 0.5-250.0 ng/mL for Chlorpromazine, Promazine and Levomepromazine and of 0.2-4.0 ng/mL for Fluphenazine. Precision results, expressed by the intra-day and the inter-day relative standard deviation values, were good, being lower than 3.9 %. Accuracy data were satisfactory as well.
The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of drug plasma levels of psychiatric patients undergoing therapy with selected phenothiazines
Suitability assessment of global, continental and national digital elevation models for geomorphological analyses in Italy
No full textDigital elevation models (DEMs) represent a fundamental resource in geomorphological analysis. The increasing availability of open-access DEMs over wide areas is advantageous, but requires an evaluation of DEM quality and errors. This work applies a hierarchical assessment of global, continental and national DEMs in Italy in order to explore the differences and analyze the vertical accuracy, spatial error distribution and agreement of morphometric measurements. The selected DEMs are compared with local reference data as a ground points dataset, extracted from the national geodetic network, and regional DEMs at high spatial resolution, through both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The results identify limits and potentialities of the selected DEMs, showing accuracy and errors in height representation, also affected by the topographic characteristics of the surface, such as steep slope in mountain zones and some defects in hydromorphological derivatives that could condition the geomorphological applications
Determination of orphenadrine plasma levels using HPLC with diode array detection and a novel solid-phase extraction procedure in psychiatric patients
No full textOrphenadrine is an antimuscarinic agent mainly used for the treatment of parkinsonism and to alleviate the neuroleptic syndrome induced by antipsychotic drugs.
A new, rapid analytical method, based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection (DAD), has been developed and applied to the determination of orphenadrine in plasma of schizophrenic patients for therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicological purposes.
The chromatographic separation was performed on a pentafluorophenyl reversed phase column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile–phosphate buffer mixture. DAD detection was carried out at 220 nm. A careful and rapid solid-phase extraction procedure on cyanopropyl cartridges was chosen for plasma sample purification and pre-concentration obtaining good extraction yield values for the analyte (>96.0%). The assays showed a linear response for orphenadrine (30–1000 ng/mL). The method is also precise and selective.
Thus, the method developed seems to be suitable for routine analysis of orphenadrine in psychiatric patients. Moreover, it was applied to plasma samples from a psychotic patient who had tried to poison himself with 1000 mg of orphenadrine and was undergoing polypharmacy
Molecular bases of pseudo-homozygous APC resistance: the compound heterozygosity for FV R506Q and a FV null mutation results in the exclusive presence of FV Leiden molecules in plasma
No full textPseudo-homozygous APC resistance, the condition resulting from compound heterozygosity for FV R506Q (FV Leiden) and quantitative FV deficiency, provides a natural model to study the interaction between procoagulant and anticoagulant defects. This paper reports a complete FV characterization of a pseudo-homozygous APC resistant thrombotic patient. The expression of the patient's non-Leiden gene was found to be severely impaired both at the mRNA and protein levels. In particular, only FV Leiden molecules were detected in the patient's plasma by immunoblotting, which accounts for the observed marked APC resistance. Analysis of the FV cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of platelet RNA revealed that the mRNA of the non-Leiden gene was extremely reduced in amount. A PAC clone containing the whole FV gene was used to design primers for a complete FV exon scanning. A 2-bp insertion at nucleotide 3706 in the large exon 13 of the non-Leiden gene, predicting a frame-shift and premature termination of protein synthesis, was identified as responsible for the FV defect. Failure to find any case of pseudo-homozygous APC resistance in a large sample (6,804) of blood donors suggests that this condition is extremely rare among normal controls and that its detection is favoured by the thrombotic risk that it may confer
Retinoic acid stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 production by blood mononuclear cells and inhibits urokinase-induced extracellular proteolysis
No full textRecent advances in the therapeutic drug monitoring of second generation antidepressants
No full textAmongst the most prescribed Central Nervous System agents are second-generation antidepressant drugs, which include SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), such as venlafaxine and duloxetine, SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram and sertraline, NRIs (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), such as reboxetine, and NaSSAs (noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants), such as mirtazapine. Over the last few years, our Pharmaco-Toxicological Laboratory has developed several methods for the TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) of depressed patients subjected to therapy with second generation antidepressants. Most recently, new methods have been developed for the analysis of sertraline, paroxetine and duloxetine in human plasma. Duloxetine is the most recent antidepressant introduced onto the market and thus its chemical-clinical correlations are not completely known. We have developed a feasible and selective liquid chromatographic method for the determination of duloxetine plasma levels. The method is coupled to an original sample pre-treatment procedure based on solid-phase extraction (SPE). It has recently been successfully applied to the analysis of biological fluids during a suspect suicide attempt with duloxetine overdose. Sertraline is a well-established antidepressant, frequently prescribed by psychiatrists worldwide. We have implemented a sensitive method for its determination, based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Since sertraline is not natively fluorescent, a derivatisation procedure has been developed, based on the reaction of the analytes (sertaline and its major active metabolite N-desmethyl-sertraline) with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Finally, an HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of paroxetine and its three main metabolites in human plasma, which takes advantage of the native fluorescence of the four analytes to obtain suitable sensitivity and selectivity. It appears to be suitable for the TDM of patients taking paroxetine and also for pharmacokinetic studies
Psychopathological and Organic Features of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa in Developmental Age: A Systematic Review
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to comprehensively report the epidemiological and clinical features of atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) in children and adolescents. Methods: In May 2024, a systematic review was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and relevant websites. Following PRISMA guidelines, 234 articles were screened for studies on DSM-5-defined AAN. A standardized checklist-the JBI critical appraisal tool-was adopted in assessing methodology, and 13 retained studies passed the screening and critical appraisal process for the final review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was utilized to assess the risk of bias in cohort and case-control studies, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of methodological quality. Results: AAN prevalence in young age groups is 2.8%, with a cumulative 2.8% incidence over 8 years. Incidence is 366 per 100,000 person-years, and the average episode duration is 11.6 months, with a 71% remission rate. Diagnostic persistence for AAN is less stable than other restrictive feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). AAN individuals exhibit higher EDE-Q scores, more severe distress, and distinct BMI differences compared to those with anorexia nervosa and controls. The diagnostic transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5 shows that AAN patients are predominantly female, slightly older, and with higher weight. Conclusions: This study yields concrete insights into the features of AAN in the developmental age, highlighting demographic variations, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes. Recognizing the unique challenges faced by AAN individuals is vital for tailoring effective interventions and improving overall care within the FED spectrum
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
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