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Fantastic Architecture and the Building of Europe in Valerio Evangelisti's Eymerich Fiction
No full textConcomitant with the horizontal expansion of EU territory through physical and political enlargement is a genealogy narrative, which emphasizes the ostensible roots of Europeanness in classical antiquity and Christianity. In the face of this sanitized genealogy, which lies at the heart of the European constitutional project, a range of alternative and more inclusive narratives circulate in contemporary European popular fiction. This paper focuses on a series of fantasy novels by the Italian author Valerio Evangelisti, featuring Inquisitor Eymerich as hero-investigator. In his highly popular novels, Evangelisti seeks to uncover layers of shared historical memory untainted with post-Enlightenment rhetoric.
The central architectural tropes of Evangelisti’s imaginary world are those of a castle and a convent, epitomizing the temporal and sacral power in European history. Each isolated from its outside environment and built on layer upon layer of subterranean chambers and corridors, the castle and the convent conceal a past quite different from the one championed in the official European genealogy. Memories of pagan worship and Islamic or Judaic learning – banished from the official rhetoric – continue to thrive, dark and threatening, in the subterranean strata of Evangelisti’s European edifice. Evangelisti thus provides an incisive critique of the official European story of origin, which threatens to suppress any alternative visions of European history or unorthodox avenues for European identity formation
Allylchlorotins as allylating agents of acyl chlorides
No full textAllylchlorotins of the type R3-nAllSnCln (R alkyl or All; All CH2CHCH2 or cis/trans-CH3CHCHCH2, n 1-3) undergo uncatalyzed coupling with acyl chlorides under mild conditions. This reaction as well as the corresponding addition reaction to ketones are much faster when Cl is replaced by NCS group in the organotin derivative
Tetravinyl disubstituted distannoxanes. Disproportionation reactions to trivinyltin derivatives
No full textThe reactions of divinyldiallyltin and carboxylic acids R′COOH [R′, = H, CH3, CH2Cl, CHCl2, CCl3, CF3) in water-acetone at room temperature afford the following products: trivinyltin carboxylate for R′ = H, CH3; trivinyltin monochloroacetate together with tetravinyl-1-monochloroacetoxy-3-hydroxy-distannoxane (type B) and tetravinyl-1,3-bis(monochloroacetoxy)-distannoxane (type A) for R′ = CH2Cl; both distannoxanes of type A and B for R′ = CHCl2 and CCl3; only that of type A for R′ = CF3. The trivinyltin derivatives having R′ = H, CH3, CH2Cl seem to be produced by a disproportionation reaction of the appropriate distannoxanes. This process has been experimentally established for R′ = CH2Cl and is favoured by protic media (H2O(CH3)2CO, CH3OH) in comparison with aprotic so1vents (CH3CN, CHCl3). © 1978
Crystal Structure of Trivinyltinacetate (A), C8H12O2Sn2, and Trivinyltinmonochloroacetate (B), C8H12O2Sn2
No full textThe reported data predicted some structural features of the title compounds: (i) th dipendence of the dissymetry of the two bridging Sn-O bonds on the pKa of the various chloroacetic ligands and (ii) a conservative geometry of coordination about the tin atom. In order to cnfirm these predictions we have detrmined the crystal structure of the two title compounds
Hydrogen bonding in the coordination of N- and S-donor heterocycles to dialkyltin dihalides. Synthesis and structure of trans-dibromodicyclohexylbis(pyrazole-N2)tin(IV), trans-dibromodicyclohexylbis(imidazole-N3)tin(IV), and dibutyldichloro[1-methyl-2(3H)-imidazolinethione-S]tin(IV)
No full textHexacoordinate octahedral crystalline complexes of dicyclohexyltin dibromide with pyrazole (1) and imidazole (2) have been prepared. The X-ray structures have been determined and the effect of the bulkiness of the alkyl groups bonded to the tin on aspects of the structures (such as intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding, orientation of the ligand plane, and Sn-N bond length) is discussed. As an example of a pentacoordinate trigonal bipyramidal complex, the 1:1 adduct of dibutyltin dichloride with 1-methyl-imidazoline-2-thione (3) has been synthesized and its structure studied
Allylstannation. I. stereochemistry of the addition of trans/cis-2-butenyl-chloro-di-n-butyltin to aldehydes
No full text2-Butenyl-chloro-di-n-butyltin, in various trans/cis ratios, reacts readily with neat RCHO (R = CH3, C2H5, C2H5(CH3)CH, (CH3)2CH, C6H5) at 25°C to give mixtures of threo/erythro-α-methylallylcarbinols in high yields. The same mixtures are obtained from the equilibrated mixtures obtained by redistribution between Bu3SnC4H7 (C4H7 = trans-, cis-crotyl and α-methylallyl group) and Bu2SnCl2. The reactions are characterized by a high degree of stereoselectivity, especially when bulky R groups are present. The complete allylic rearrangement and the stereoselectivity indicate that an exacyclic transition state is involved. Two stereochemically different transition states lead to two diastereoisomers, threo- and ertythro-α-methylallylcarbinol in the enantioforms RS, SR and RR, SS, respectivel
Reversible crotylstannation of carbonyl compounds. Crotylstannation ability of Bu3-nClnSnCH2CHCHCH3 (n = 0, 1, 2) compounds towards acetone and benzaldehyde and 13C NMR characterization
No full textThe crotylstannation reaction: {A figure is presented} has been found to be reversible. The compounds trans/cis-Bu3-nCln SnCH2CH= CHCH3 (n = 0, 1, 2) have been prepared by elimination reactions of organostannoxy compounds,Bu3-nClnSn-O-C(Me)(i-Pr)CH(Me)CHCH2, which were synthesized by means of transalkoxylation between Bu3-nCInSn(OMe) compounds and threo/erithro-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-hexen-3-ol. Under the conditions used the elimination occurs stereospecifically and with complete allylic rearrangement. The ability of the organostannoxy compounds to yield crotyl butylchlorotins via elimination increases in the order, Bu3Sn-O-C < Bu2ClSn-O-C < BuCI2Sn-O-C. In the addition reactions, the sequence of increasing reactivity is Bu3SnCrot < CIBu2SnCrot < CI2BuSnCrot (Crot = crotyl). The 13C NMR spectra of the compounds made reveal that the chemical shifts of the allylic carbon atoms are related to the inductive effects of the chloro-substituent
Allylstannation. II. A total "cis-preference" in the addition of n-Bu2ClSnCH(CH3)CHCH2 to aldehydes
No full text1-Buten-3-yldi-n-butylchlorotin, formed by redistribution of ( E Z)-2-butenyltri-n-butyltin and Bu2SnCl2, reacts readily with neat RCHO (R C2H5, C2H5(CH3)CH, (CH3)2CH, (CH3)3C and C6H5) to give high yields (80-100%) of alcohols of the type RCH(OH)CH2CHCHCH3 only in the Z-configuration. This appears to be the first example of total "cis-preference" in the addition of Grignard-like reagents to carbonyl compounds. The results are discussed in terms of steric requirements around the tin centre which is probably five-coordinate in the transition stat
Allyltin chlorides in chemical synthesis. Insertion reaction of dibutylallyl- and triallyltin chlorides with methyl-i-propyl-ketone
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