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15. Teoria della distribuzione e ripartizione del prodotto netto in Francesco Ferrara, in “”, Roma, 1990.
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The Counetrfactual Method of Marx’s Theory of Surplus Value
No full textThe aim of this paper is to show that Marx supports his theory of surplus value by developing a counterfactual argument, that is, by comparing the ‘normal’ state of a capitalist economy against a hypothetical state in which no surplus is produced. Marx then divides his analysis of value into three successive steps. The first deals with the production of new value in the sphere of production; the second with the process of creation of surplus value, both in the sphere of production and in the sphere of circulation; and the third with the process of equalisation of the rate of profit, which is accomplished via capitalist competition in the sphere of circulation. The paper proposes a formalisation of the three-step analysis and of the counterfactual argument. Marx’s three-step analysis is shown to be a scientific analysis of the hidden connections between social relations (expressed in labour flows) and commodity exchange; thus it is not a useless detour
Marx in the Matrix, ovvero Marx tra il “circuito monetario” e Sraffa. Un commento a Passarella
No full textThis paper shows that it is possible to develop Marx’s categories of new value and surplus value in a consistent model of competitive prices such as Sraffa’s model. In particular, Marx’s theory is interpreted according the “Price of Net Product-Unallocated Purchasing Power Labour Theory of Value” (PNN-UPN LVT) proposed by Duncan Foley and Gerard Duménil.
In this framework Marx’s value theory does not lead to inconsistent results. The meaning of this theory, however, cannot rely only on considerations about the formal characteristics of the model.
Some aspects of this meaning can ensue, from the one hand, from a comparison with the theory of “the monetary circuit”, because of the role that the PNN-UPN LTV attributes to money and to ‘the monetary expression of the labor time’ and because of the role played by monetary wages in the “circuit”. From the other hand, it is important a comparison with the path Sraffa followed in developing his model of prices. In particular is relevant Sraffa’s choice of the units of measure of labor and prices in consequence of the ‘transformation’ of the wage rate from a determined basket of commodity to a share of the net product.
It is possible to suggest a line of research aiming at integrating Sraffa’s model of prices and the theory of the monetary circuit via Marx, or the interpretation of Marx’s theory put forward by Duncan Foley and Gerard Duménil
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