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ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЙ БИЛИНГВИЗМ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА И ТВОРЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ - Literary Bilingualism: Problems of Theory and Creative Practice
No full textThe problem of translation as perevod avtora both in the Soviet and post-Soviet period can find an adequate explanation in the dynamic of Russian language policy and sociolinguistic processes developing inside the national republics from 1920s up to now. In this paper I shed light on the so-called “literary bilingualism” in the Soviet Union, an area, where social bilingualism was a historic reality and vertical diglossic relations were established between languages and literatures. National languages were used as local “low” varieties, while Russian language was the official “high” variety of the Union. Ajtmatov represents the typical Soviet writer, symbol of the fusion (slijanie) of the national and Russian literary spirit, derived from “one-way bilingualism” (odnostoronnee dvujazychie), the most widespread form of language contact in the USSR. As Guseinov pointed out, there are several forms of bilingual writing in the Soviet and post-Soviet space. Grutman’s theory of vertical or horizontal linguistic relations in self-translation can help to explain this particular context. After Perestrojka we note a visible change in relations between Russian and national titular languages, leading to an upsetting of
the above-mentioned vertical hierarchy and the recovery of official status for the national
languages and literatures. National contemporary writers of the post-Soviet area, trying to
operate in a profoundly changed literary and publishing reality, must adapt to a new linguistic dominance configuration, including the change of linguistic repertoire and interests of the readers
ФОРМАЛЬНОЕ И НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЕТЕЙ-БИЛИНГВОВ И СТУДЕНТОВ В ИТАЛИИ
No full textFORMAL AND INFORMAL TEACHING OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
TO HERITAGE SPEAKERS AND STUDENTS IN ITALY
Russian-speaking children, living in Italy, can develop their heritage language through formal (school) and informal (family) education. In the present work we try to compare heritage speakers linguistic problems with Bologna university
students of Russian as L2. They both suffer of limited input and show some common problems of language acquisition, which could be solved by means of formal education in the so called “Saturday schools”. Undoubtedly formal and informal teaching can help to maintain or develop a subordinative bilingual competence in heritage speakers
Migranty iz postsovetskich gosudarstv v Italii
No full textNel saggio vengono messi a confronto due piccoli campioni di informanti russofoni provenienti dalla Federazione Russa e da altre repubbliche dell’Europa dell’Est (Ucraina, Bielorussia, Moldavia – gruppo A), nonché dell’Asia centrale e del Caucaso (Uzbekistan, Kazachstan, Tagikistan, Armenia – gruppo B). Nell’analisi si è prestata particolare attenzione alla percezione dell’identità nei due gruppi e al rapporto Est-Ovest, in cui la Russia costituisce una sorta di confine intermedio. Gli informanti del gruppo A si percepiscono come più vicini all’Europa e all’Occidente, mentre quelli del gruppo B, molto eterogeneo, sono in alcuni casi di origine russa e quindi si avvicinano agli informanti del gruppo A, oppure presentano un’identità più orientale, se non addirittura sovietica o “plurima”. Nelle interviste si è posto l’accento non solo sugli aspetti linguistici, ma piuttosto su quelli culturali, che riguardano l’integrazione. Interessante è il parametro dell’età degli informanti che rappresenta un altro criterio di diversificazione dell’identità all’interno dei gruppi. Per i giovani informanti il russo è ormai solo seconda o terza lingua e assolve stabilmente al ruolo di lingua franca insieme all’inglese
Analiz publicističeskogo teksta v obučenii RKI studentov magisterskoj programmy Language, Society and Communication Bolonskogo Universiteta
No full textThe article presents the experience of teaching text analysis at lessons of Russian as a foreign language at the University of Bologna (master’s level). As a model of work, an integrated approach of communicative text analysis proposed by N. Valgina is used, using the example of A. Politkovskaya’s journalistic article “I want a little homeland”. This article has typical features of a hybrid text in which historical, law and purely communicative elements are intertwined, that contribute to the development of textual competence at an advanced level of Russian as a foreign language
Elementy aktual’noj jazykovoj strategii nevežlivosti v ital’janskoj pečati
No full textThis work is devoted to the analysis of impolite or aggressive political language strategies in some very popular Italian newspapers (Il Corriere della sera, La Repubblica, Il Giornale, Libero) during the last electoral campaign in March 2018. In the same period also the Russian elections were held, so we propose to compare shortly the linguistic strategies adopted for both issues in the Italian press
Языковая ситуация в Татарстане и в Италии: аспекты симметрии и асимметрии
No full textLanguage situation in Alto Adige and Tatarstan: symmetric and asymmetric aspects.
The aim of this paper is to compare the two multilingual areas of Alto Adige in Italy and Tatarstan in the Russian Federation, which apparently show common bilingual features, but, according to the typological model of ‘linguistic situation’ (LS), proposed by M. A. Gorjačeva, present interesting elements of asymmetry.
The analysis of these two case studies is based on such linguistic and extra linguistic parameters as the language repertoires of the population, the demographic and communicative potential (the number of speakers and communicative functions) of the involved languages and the possible variation of the LS, due to historical, political and economic changes in the area.
The apparently common social bilingualism and official status of the titular languages, guaranteed de jure by local legislation, reveal different possibilities of implementation of the linguistic autonomy at the level of language policy and planning. People history, traditions and prestige of the involved languages can strongly affect the relations between the speakers. In both areas political and administrative measures were applied in order to introduce a balanced bilingualism in all spheres of public life, but these efforts have produced a kind of ‘separative’ bilingualism in Alto Adige and partial bilingualism in Tatarstan
Realtà sociolinguistiche a confronto: Alto Adige e Tatarstan. Aspetti di politica linguistica e pianificazione educativa
No full textThe aim of this paper is to compare the two multilingual areas of Alto Adige in Italy and Tatarstan in the Russian Federation, which apparently show common bilingual features, but, according to the typological model of ‘linguistic situation’ (LS), proposed by M. A. Gorjačeva, present interesting elements of asymmetry.
The analysis of these two case studies is based on such linguistic and extra linguistic parameters as the language repertoires of the population, the demographic and communicative potential (the number of speakers and communicative functions) of the involved languages and the possible variation of the LS, due to historical, political and economic changes in the area.
The apparently common social bilingualism and official status of the titular languages, guaranteed de jure by local legislation, reveal different possibilities of implementation of the linguistic autonomy at the level of language policy and planning. People history, traditions and prestige of the involved languages can strongly affect the relations between the speakers. In both areas political and administrative measures were applied in order to introduce a balanced bilingualism in all spheres of public life, but these efforts have produced a kind of ‘separative’ bilingualism in Alto Adige and partial bilingualism in Tatarstan
Acquisizione e apprendimento linguistico degli heritage speakers russofoni della scuola N. Gogol’ di Roma: ultimi sviluppi dell’indagine
No full textIn the last few decades the study of the so called ‘heritage languages’ has become an emerging field in the research of bilingualism, because migrant people often try to maintain their identities and minority languages. This work resumes a new testing experience, which has been conducted four years after the last one (2013), with some Russian heritage speakers (HS) living in Italy and attending a Russian Saturday school in Rome. It will focus on the difficulties of language acquisition and the possibility for the HS to develop a better language competence through formal learning
Korpusnyj podchod k analizu perevodov učastnikov konkursa “kul’turnyj most”: prodolženie issledovanija
No full textIn the present paper we continue the analysis of literary translations of the international Cultural Bridge competition by comparing specially created Russian-Italian and Russian-English parallel corpora. The corpus analysis on the SE (Sketch Engine) platform allows us to identify the different levels of translation difficulties encountered when comparing two typologically different linguistic systems. To the first stage of the analysis of the Russian-Italian corpus [Perotto 2021: 153–158] we add new material from different seasons of the American competition, in which Russian-American heritage speakers showed that translation plays for them a similar role in the acquisition of bilingualism, although difficulties in translation into English may be differen
Vian-Sullivan: dalla pseudo- all'autotraduzione
No full textL'articolo si incentra su un caso di autotraduzione piuttosto insolito, che costituisce un unicum, e non una pratica corrente, nella produzione del suo autore. Il testo a cui ci riferiamo è I Shall Spit on your Graves, traduzione verso l’inglese del romanzo di Boris Vian J’irai cracher sur vos tombes portata a termine dallo stesso Vian con l’aiuto di Milton Rosenthal.
Autore incredibilmente prolifico, attualmente oggetto di unanime plauso ma destinato, in vita, a una scarsa fama letteraria, Vian scrive in dieci giorni, nell’estate del 1946, l’unico testo che avrà successo nel corso della sua esistenza. Alla ricerca di un best-seller che lo risollevasse da una situazione economica complicata, Jean d’Halluin, proprietario delle Editions du Scorpion, aveva chiesto a Vian di suggerirgli un autore hard boiled americano da tradurre (cfr. Arnaud 1980: 140); Vian fece di meglio, proponendo a d’Halluin di scrivere il romanzo in prima persona. Secondo l’ormai classica definizione proposta da Gideon Toury (1995: 40) il risultato di questa scommessa, J’irai cracher... appunto, deve essere considerato una pseudo-traduzione. L’autore sceglie infatti di firmarlo con uno pseudonimo, quello dell’americano Vernon Sullivan, e di apparire unicamente nella veste di traduttore. Con il passare degli anni, in seguito a varie traversie legali dovute ai temi controversi del romanzo, le ragioni per mantenere viva la finzione non faranno che aumentare, rendendo sempre più sconsigliabile allo scrittore francese dichiararsi autore del proprio testo. Per sostenere la propria posizione, Vian arriverà al punto di produrre – e pubblicare, con una piccola casa editrice parigina – il preteso “originale” in inglese.
L’articolo, dopo un’introduzione relativa alle condizioni storico-biografiche di redazione e pubblicazione dei volumi, analizza i due testi alla ricerca delle tracce di pseudo-traduzione nell’originale e di “pseudo-originalità” nella traduzione verso l’inglese, rendendo evidente il contributo alla traduzione francese-inglese da parte di un traduttore esterno a Boris Vian. È dunque lecito parlare, in questo caso, di pseudo-auto-traduzione
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