2,117 research outputs found
Pediatric body composition in clinical studies: which methods in which situations?
No full textThere is currently much interest in the subject of pediatric obesity. Accurate
measures of body composition are required given the potential influence of
variables such as growth, metabolic rate, physical activity, and physical
fitness. Because boys and girls have a different growth pattern, gender is a
fundamental consideration when measuring children and assessing body composition.
The central aim of this paper is to review methods of pediatric body composition
assessment that can provide new insights for clinical practice
Anaphylaxis in adolescents.
No full textAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:
The frequency of hospitalization for anaphylaxis has increased over the last 20 years across Europe, Australia, and North America, particularly, for food and medication triggers. Adolescents show the highest risk for morbidity and fatality from food-induced anaphylaxis, yet there is little high-quality evidence addressing the reasons for this disproportionate vulnerability.
RECENT FINDINGS:
Recent data seem to suggest a possible increasing burden of food-induced anaphylaxis among adolescents. Trends in anaphylaxis mortality are stable in North America and the United Kingdom, but not in Australia where the incidence of fatal anaphylaxis has recently doubled. The age distribution of fatal anaphylaxis varies according to the nature of the culprit trigger, with data suggesting an age-related predisposition to fatal food anaphylaxis in adolescents and young adults. Adolescence represents a critical phase of transition when rapid and substantial physical, emotional, and social changes occur. Therefore, adolescents show challenges in self-management that are different from other age groups, contributing to a higher risk of poor anaphylaxis outcomes.
SUMMARY:
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data on epidemiology and elicitors of anaphylaxis in adolescents and to address currently known barriers and potential facilitators to self-management of anaphylaxis in this vulnerable age group
Influence of allergen avoidance at high altitude on serum markers of eosinophil activation in children with allergic asthma.
No full textA cohort of 12 asthmatic children was followed over several months, during which
they moved back and forth from an allergen-free to an allergen-rich environment
at high and low altitude, respectively. The children were treated with
non-steroidal anti-asthmatic drugs as clinically needed. Histamine PC20-FEV1 was
unaltered during the study period, whereas serum levels of eosinophil cationic
protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) showed significant changes when the
children were exposed to the offending allergens. The total IgE significantly
increased during exposure. The serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as
of chemotactic factors for both neutrophils and eosinophils were unaltered during
allergen exposure. We conclude that the serum markers of eosinophil activity ECP
and EPX are sensitive indices of allergen exposure in asthmatic atopic children
Childhood Asthma Control Test in asthmatic children with dysfunctional breathing.
No full textNon disponibil
Snail anaphylaxis during house dust mite immunotherapy.
No full textThis study reports a 12-year-old girl who developed an anaphylactic reaction
following snail ingestion during house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy treatment.
Radioallergosorbent (RAST) inhibition showed cross-reactivity between the two
allergens, leading to consideration of HDM as the sensitizing agent. Children
undergoing HDM immunotherapy treatment should be aware of the potential risks of
hypersensitivity reactions to invertebrate foods
Effects of nedocromil sodium on the binding of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils.
No full textIn the present study the inhibition by nedocromil sodium of the specific receptor
binding of FMLP was evaluated in human neutrophils (PMNs) using a FMLP-(3H)
binding assay. The time course of the binding was markedly influenced by
nedocromil sodium used at a concentration of 300 microM. No significant
inhibition was obtained when the cells were treated with nedocromil sodium 3
microM or with sodium cromoglycate 300 microM. FMLP binding is essentially
eliminated by the highest dose of nedocromil sodium. The biologic meaning of this
effect in asthmatic patients should be further evaluated
EFFECTIVE ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE AT HIGH ALTITUDE REDUCES ALLERGEN-INDUCED BRONCHIAL HYPERESPONSIVENESS
No full textWe studied the effects of reduced allergen exposure on bronchial hypereactivity (BHR) in two groups of asthmatic children allergic to house dust mites (HDM) living at high altitude for 9 continuous mo. In the first group the serum levels of total and HDM-specific IgE showed significant decreases after 3 mo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.02, respectively) and after 9 mo (p < 0.001). Three months after returning home the total IgE levels had increased significantly (p < 0.001). The mean percentage fall in peak expiratory flow after exercise testing improved after 3 and 9 mo (p < 0.05), but it had deteriorated after 3 mo at home (p < 0.01). The methacholine PD20-FEV1 increased after 3 mo (p = 0.001) and further after 9 mo (p < 0.001), with a decrease after the 3-mo period at sea level (p = 0.01). In the second cohort there was a significant increase in HDM PD20-FEV1 after 6 and 9 mo (p < 0.001), with a slight decrease of magnitude of the allergen-induced late reaction. Histamine PD20-FEV1 significantly increased after 6 and 9 mo at high altitude, particularly in the challenges performed after the HDM bronchial provocation (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that allergen avoidance in asthmatic children not only decreases nonspecific BHR but also decreases allergen sensitivity, late allergen-induced bronchial reactions, and enhancement of BHR by allergen challenge
Asthma, exercise and metabolic dysregulation in paediatrics.
No full textAbstract
Asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in childhood. Chest tightness, cough, wheezing and dyspnoea during or after exercise may be unique manifestations of asthma in up to 90% of subjects. Physical activity may be reduced by uncontrolled asthma symptoms and parental beliefs, impairing physical fitness of asthmatic children. Clinicians working in the field of allergy are aware of evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity for patients with asthma. Treatment of asthma is required in order to obtain its control and to avoid any limitation in sports and active play participation. As exercise performance in children with controlled asthma is not different from that of healthy controls, any exercise limitation cannot be accepted. Overweight and obesity may interfere with asthma and exercise, leading to dyspnoea symptoms. Evidences on the effect of insulin resistance on airway smooth muscle and on bronchial hyperactivity are presented. CONCLUSION: Exercise is part of the strategy to obtain the best control of asthma in childhood, but we have to optimise the asthma control therapy before starting exercise programming. Furthermore, it is crucial to give best attention on the effects of obesity and insulin resistance, because they could in turn influence patients' symptoms
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