1,721,018 research outputs found
Does the linguistic identity of the speaker modulate speech prediction?
Full text linkIntroduction: It is a matter of debate if linguistic prediction involves only (pre-)activation of lexical-semantic representations or also phonological and phonetic ones. We will capitalize on the fact that foreign speakers usually make phonological errors to investigate if speaker identity (native-vs-foreign) is used to tune specific phonological predictions.
Methods: Participants (N=48) will be recruited to read sentence fragments in which the last word will be produced by a native or a foreign speaker. They will have to perform a lexical decision task on the word presented auditorily, which could be predictable or not. Speaker identity (native-vs-foreign) may or may not be anticipated by the face of the speaker.
Expected Results: The effect of predictability on lexical decision times should be larger when the speaker identity is cued.
Conclusions: If linguistic prediction takes into account phonological variability across groups we can conclude that it involves not only lexical-semantic processes.
Take home messages: We care about the speaker identity and linguistic prediction can be instantiated at a phonological level
Is the hat on the table? Language and Spatial Relations in and out of Context
No full textLanguage and space are closely inter-related as they reflect, and are constrained by, fundamen- tal properties of the human conceptual system , and also because of the mapping of conceptual structure and spatial representation into language (Jacken- doff, 1996). In addition, they can be instrumental in sheding light on each other, as several study in memory and description of places have shown (e.g. Linde & Labov, 1975; Ullmer-Ehrich, 1982; Mainardi Peron, Baroni, Job, & Salmaso, 1990). Numerous analysis and empirical studies have shown that in the comprehension of spatial prepo- sitions factors related to the functions and contex- tually-defined roles of the elements, as well as to the linguistic meaning (Bennett, 1975), affect par- ticipants’ performance (e.g. Garrod and Sanford, 1989; Coventry, Carmichael, & Garrod, 1994; Cars- lon-Radvansky and Radvansky, 1996). In the present study, we investigated the com- prehension of spatial preposition using a sentence/ picture verification task with the aim of elucidating the role of real-world knowledge in the processing of sentences. On the assumption that the compre- hension of expressions indicating spatial relations among elements relies crucially on contextual infor- mation we manipulated the type of pictorial informa- tion participants were presented with factors. On half of the trials, we provided an environment that could act as a frame for the interpretation of the spatial relation referred to by the verbal expression. On the remaining trial, the geometrical information remai- ned the same but no environmental information was provided. The predictions were the following: If environ- mental information is processed as fast as, or fas- ter than, geometrical information, a facilitation effect may be detected for the conditions in which a frame is provided. However, when environmental informa- tion and geometrical information mismatch, then providing a frame should hinder processing
Le associazioni verbali PD-DPSS: norme per 294 parole.
No full textIl lavoro presenta norme di associazione verbale per 294 parole della lingua italiana
A joint investigation of semantic facilitation and semantic interference in continuous naming
No full textWhen speakers name multiple semantically related items, opposing effects can be found. Semantic facilitation is found when naming 2 semantically related items in a row. In contrast, semantic interference is found when speakers name semantically related items separated by 1 or more intervening unrelated items. This latter form of interference is cumulative, as it increases as a function of the number of related items that have been named beforehand. Semantic facilitation has therefore been envisaged as a product of transient and fast-decaying activation of related representations, whereas semantic interference has been linked to longer-lasting changes in the connections between semantic and lexical representations. In this work we attempted to explore and compare the 2 phenomena jointly, by means of contrasting naming sequences with noncontiguous semantically related items and sequences with contiguous semantically related items. Results provide evidence that mechanisms responsible for semantic facilitation and interference may jointly occur in parallel, producing opposing influences on behavior. Importantly, semantic facilitation may exhibit cumulative features too, though these are immediately disrupted when unrelated items intervene
Producing, comprehending, and predicting: Project outline on spoken and signed language electrophysiology
No full textIconicity norms for 234 sign in Italian Sign Language (LIS)
No full textThe study of sign languages has received increasing interest in recent years; however there exist hardly any norms for psycholinguistic variables that have appeared to play an important role in sign language processing. Spoken and sign languages share the processes underlying the linguistic function, but also present specific features. One of these is the fundamental role of iconicity in sign languages, both in production and in their understanding. Research on the Italian Sign Language (LIS) is becoming more frequent and it is essential to have available linguistic databases. The objective of this study, therefore, is to offer a first corpus in LIS, which links iconicity with different psycholinguistic variables. Hearing Italian participants provided ratings of iconicity on a total of 234 sign of the www.spreadthesign.com site. Besides iconicity, the variables studied were: concreteness, imaginability, familiarity, age of acquisition and frequency. The analyzes suggest that imaginability is related to iconicity. This is the first psycholinguistic description based on a corpus of 234 signs and can be useful to other researchers interested in LIS
Oscillazioni neurali α e β in predizione e produzione linguistica: Caratteristiche comuni e distintive
No full text
First learned words are not forgotten: Age-of-acquisition effects in the tip-of-the-tongue experience
Full text linkA large body of evidence indicates that the age at which a word is acquired predicts the time required to retrieve that word during speech production. Here we explored whether age of acquisition also predicts the experience of being unable to produce a known word at a particular moment. Italian speakers named a sequence of pictures in Experiment 1 or retrieved a word as a response to a definition in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the participants were instructed to indicate when they were in a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state. Generalized mixed-effects models performed on the TOT and correct responses revealed that word frequency and age of acquisition predicted the TOT states. Specifically, low-frequency words elicited more TOTs than did high-frequency words, replicating previous findings. In addition, late-acquired words elicited more TOTs than did early-acquired words. Further analyses revealed that the age of acquisition was a better predictor of TOTs than was word frequency. The effects of age of acquisition were similar with subjective and objective measures of age of acquisition, and persisted when several psycholinguistic variables were taken into consideration as predictors in the generalized mixed-effects models. We explained these results in terms of weaker semantic-to-phonological connections in the speech production system for late-acquired words
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