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Green Tax Reforms in a Computable General Equilibrium Model for Italy
No full textThe paper studies the effects of green tax reforms within a walrasian computable general equilibrium model of the Italian economy calibrated on a microconsistent data set derived from the Input-Output table for the year 1990. Tax reforms increase taxation on the energy sector either through an increase in the revenue of the unit tax on all transactions, or by introducing a tax on final demand; in both cases a compensation is either operated through a reduction in personal income tax rates or the social security contributions on employees so as to keep public expenditure constant in real terms. The paper analyses the effects both on consumers' welfare and on total emissions of some pollutants; for a thorough assessment of the reforms both effects should be considered keeping in mind that the benefits of emissions' reduction are not incorporated into individual utility functions. None of the reforms emerge as unambiguously preferable with respect to others
A Note on Pollution Regulation With Asymmetric Information
Full text linkThe paper addresses the problem of information asymmetry between a regulator and the polluting firms and proposes a very simple mechanism where the regulator is free to choose, without communicating in advance to the firms, between two instruments: an effluent fee or a standard: as a result in a real world setting this uncertainty might induce firms to a truthful revelation. Moreover, under the assumption of linear marginal abatement or marginal social damage functions, in many cases the resulting optimal behaviour might be an under reporting for some firms and an over reporting for others so that the resulting marginal aggregate benefit function might be not so far from the true one and the aggregate pollution level attained by the mechanism not so far from optimal
Willingness to pay for environmental quality: a theoretical problem and its implications
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