1,721,083 research outputs found
Novel micellar system for Vitamin D3 oral delivery: Assessment of enteric absorption through a digestion-like in vitro model
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Opportunities and limits of the CFP on the Upper Adriatic coast: applications and operational proposals in support of the fishing sector
No full textMetodi chimici e biochimici per misurare le concentrazioni e la tossicità di sostanze inquinanti in matrici ambientali
No full textIn questo lavoro di ricerca è stato misurato il grado di contaminazione originato da diverse classi di
composti organici in sedimenti e biota della Laguna di Venezia ed è stato utilizzato un biomarker per
stimare uno dei possibili effetti biologici generati da questi composti sugli organismi.
E' stato valutato l'andamento temporale e spaziale della contaminazione dei sedimenti superficiali da
PCB, IPA e Pesticidi Organoclorurati nel corso di quindici anni, dal 1987 al 1998, in 25 stazioni
uniformemente distribuite nella porzione centrale della Laguna di Venezia, I risultati mettono in
evidenza una diminuzione statisticamente significativa dal 1987 al 1998 per PCB e pesticidi
organoclorurati con percentuali di abbattimento in prossimità della zona industriale ài Porto Marghera
fino all'80 e 90 %. Al contrario, la contaminazione da IPA non è significativamente diminuita
nell'intervallo di tempo considerato, anzi in alcune zone in prossimità del centro storico veneziano
sembra essere in aumento per il continuo apporto di questi composti in Laguna. . .
Inoltre, è stata valutata la contamina none da Composti Organostannici, sia butilici che fenilici (TBT e
TPhT e i relativi metaboliti, DBT, MBT, DPhT e MPhT), rilasciati principalmente dalle vernici
antivegetative applicate sugli scafi delle barche. L'analisi in diversi comparti ambientali ha rilevato la
presenza di concentrazioni significativamente superiori nel biota piuttosto che nel sedimento e una
forte tendenza al bioaccumulo nei molluschi. La specie di mollusco gasteropode Hexaplex trunculus,
in particolare, è stata analizzata, oltre che per il contenuto di composti organostannici nei tessuti
(viscere e resto del corpo molle), anche per il grado di imposex. Questo fenomeno consiste
nell'imposizione di caratteristiche sessuali maschili (pene e vaso deferente) nelle femmine e. può
portare, allo stadio più acuto, alla sterilità e quindi impedire la riproduzione. Il grado di imposex nelle
popolazioni di H. trunculus analizzate in questo studio si è rivelato abbastanza elevato e nessuna delle
femmine ispezionate morfologicamente è risultata priva di modificazioni anatomiche. La lunghezza
del pene delle femmine è stata messa in relazione sia con il contenuto di TBT sia con la somma di
composti organostannici nell'intero organismo, ottenendo buone correlazioni nella forma di una curva
dose-risposta in entrambi i casi (rispettivamente r=0.917 e r=0.982 per n=l 1; p<0.05).
Al fine di verifìcare il possibile ruolo antagonista o sinergico giocato nello sviluppo dell'imposex da
altri composti in grado di perturbare il sistema endocrino, allo stesso modo del TBT, gli stessi
organismi di H. trunculus sono stati analizzati anche per il contenuto di PCB, Pesticidi
Organoclorurati e EPA. E' stato applicato il metodo PLS (Partial Least squares regression in latent
variables) per mettere in relazione la risposta biologica (imposex) con le concentrazioni delle quattro
classi di composti organici determinate nei tessuti del mollusco. Il modello chemiometrico mostra, con
una buona capacità predittiva della variabile dipendente, che le concentrazioni di PCB e Pesticidi
Organoclorurati contribuiscono positivamente a spiegare l' imposex, mentre gli IPA sono caratterizzati
da un effetto opposto ai Composti Organostannici, ai PCB e ai Pesticidi Organolorurati.
The level of pollution derived from different classes of organic compounds was estimated in sediments
and biota of the Lagoon of Venice and a biomarker was used to estimate one of the possible biological
effect of these compounds.
Temporal and spatial trends of the contamination by PCBs, PAHs and organochlorine compounds in
superficial sediments were evaluated at 25 stations uniformly distributed in the central portion of the
Lagoon in the period from 1987 to 1998. The results highlight a statistically significant difference
between 1987 and 1998 as regard PCBs and pesticides concentrations, with a reduction up to 80 and
90% at areas close to the industrial zone of Porto Marghera. On the contrary, PAH contamination has
not significantly decreased in the period considered and near the historical centre it seems rather to be
increased for the continuous input of these compounds to the Lagoon.
Moreover, the contamination by organotin compounds, both butyltins and phenyltins (TBT and TPhT
and the relative metabolites, DBT, MBT, DPhT and MPhT), mainly released from the antifouling
paints applied on the ship hulls, was measured. The analysis in different compartments of the
environment has pointed out significantly higher concentrations in the biota, rather than in the
sediments. Among the different species of biota analysed, molluscs are the ones that tend to
accumulate organotin compounds more than the others. The species of gastropod Hexaplex trimculus,
in addition to the content of organotin compounds in the tissues (visceral coil and rest of the soft
body), was analysed even for the degree of imposex. This phenomenon consists of the imposition of
male sexual characters (namely a penis and a vas deferens) on females and at its acute stage can lead
to sterility and prevent the reproduction. The level of imposex in the H. trunculus populations
analysed in this study was shown to be relatively high. No one of the morphologically inspected
females was free from abnormalities. Female penis length was related to the content of TBT and also
to the sum of butyltins and phenyltins in the entire organism, achieving a good correlation in the form
of a dose-response curve in both cases (r=0.917 and r=0.982 respectively, n=ll; p<0.05). In order to
verify the possible antagonistic or synergistic role of other endocrine disrupters in the development of
imposex, the same organisms of H. trunculus were also analysed for the content of PCBs, pesticides
and PAHs.
The PLS method (Partial Least squares regression in latent variables) was applied to relate the
imposex response (Y) to the concentrations of the four classes of compounds (X block) analysed in
this study. The chemometric model shows, with a good predictive capacity of the dependent variable,
that the concentrations of PCBs and pesticides positively contribute to the explanation of the imposex
effect. On the contrary, a negative effect seems to characterise PAHs in respect to PCBs, pesticides
and OTCs
Imposex and accumulation of organotin compounds in population of Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) and Istrian Coast (Croatia)
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Fishing Across the Centuries: What Prospects for the Venice Lagoon?
Full text linkFishing has always been an important activity for those Venetians who live near the Lagoon, and it still enjoys an important economic and social role in the region. Over the last few years, however, the fishing industry has been subject to a profound transformation both in the reduction of the variety and the abundance of the species found in the lagoon, and in the change from a complex and well-structured type of activity to one which has become monospecialist, that is based principally on the fishing of the bivalve Tapes philippinarum (Adam & Reeve). The widespread diffusion of this bivalve and its considerable commercial value have resulted in an increased harvest, initially carried out by hand but now by more sophisticated methods which are capable of obtaining much higher yields. The social, economic and environmental problems resulting from this automated fishing have stimulated research into alternative strategies to manage the alieutic resources of the lagoon which will allow fishing to become a sustainable activity without inflicting long-term environmental damage. This present work will try and prepare the foundations for a system of eco-compatible management, based on an analysis of the functioning of the lagoons eco-system, defined as a paralic model, the observation of the traditional forms of fishing practiced over the centuries, a technical analysis of the present typology of lagoon fishing (fishing with fyke nets, vallicoltura and fishing of fish fry for rearing, clam fishing (Tapes philippinarum), mussel culture) with particular reference to the species fished, the distribution of the activity throughout the year and the technology employed, to the productivity of the various fishing methods
INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITÀ ECONOMICA, AMBIENTALE E SOCIALE DELLA PESCA NELL’ALTO ADRIATICO.
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The Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Inflammation: A Narrative Review
Full text linkThe fine balance between symbiotic and potentially opportunistic and/or pathogenic microorganisms can undergo quantitative alterations, which, when associated with low intestinal biodiversity, could be responsible for the development of gut inflammation and the so-called “intestinal dysbiosis”. This condition is characterized by the disbalance of a fine synergistic mechanism involving the mucosal barrier, the intestinal neuroendocrine system, and the immune system that results in an acute inflammatory response induced by different causes, including viral or bacterial infections of the digestive tract. More frequently, however, dysbiosis is induced slowly and subtly by subliminal causal factors, resulting in a chronic condition related to different diseases affecting the digestive tract and other organs and apparatuses. Studies on animal models, together with studies on humans, highlight the significant role of the gut microbiota and microbiome in the occurrence of inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); neurodegenerative, urologic, skin, liver, and kidney pathologies; and premature aging. The blood translocation of bacterial fragments has been found to be one of the processes linked to gut dysbiosis and responsible for the possible occurrence of “metabolic endotoxemia” and systemic inflammation, associated with an increased risk of oxidative stress and related diseases. In this context, supplementation with different probiotic strains has been shown to restore gut eubiosis, especially if administered in long-term treatments. The aim of this review is to describe the anti-inflammatory effects of specific probiotic strains observed in clinical trials and the respective indications, highlighting the differences in efficacy depending on strain, formulation, time and duration of treatment, and dosage used
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