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Preface for the selected papers from Recent Developments in Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021 (RDPA2021) special issue
No full textThis special issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis contains selected papers from the Recent Development in Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021 (RDPA 2021) international symposium, organized by the Department of Life Sciences of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE) in collaboration with the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the Italian Chemical Society (SCI) from September 6th to September 8th 2021. RDPA is a very stimulating biennial meeting, which continues a long-standing tradition of excellent scientific meetings for the international and national scientists dealing with pharmaceutical analysis in all its domains and multiple aspects. The most appealing and relevant topics of research in (bio)pharmaceutical analysis, including advanced instrumentation and methodologies for drug discovery, were addressed, giving also peculiar attention to natural products, food and nutraceuticals, forensic science, to name a few. The congress was provided in an on-line edition, due to COVID-19. Despite this, this event gave us the opportunity to share the most advanced research experience and establish new collaboration in the concrete perspective of providing a significant contribution to pharmaceutical analysis in an international context.
This edition was fully dedicated to the memory of Emeritus Professor Sergio Pinzauti, an international scientist author and co-author of more than 230 publications in the field of (bio)pharmaceutical analysis. In 1983 Prof. Pinzauti contributed to the launch of the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, of which he became Editor in 2002. Creative and proactive, Prof. Pinzauti was founder and organizer of the series of biennial international conferences on Recent Development on Pharmaceutical Analysis (RDPA) and of the annual Summer Course on Pharmaceutical Analysis (SSPA). All his colleagues and the scientific community will always remember him for his high scientific profile, his dedication to research and teaching with enthusiasm and innovation in the ambit of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
Coming to the specific content of this special issue, it is addressed at the development of innovative methods, based on hyphenated techniques, for the determination of drugs and their metabolites in different samples, including biological fluids and pharmaceuticals. A special role is also played by new analytical methodologies for the assessment of bioactive natural compounds in plant extracts and food products. The most recent advances of metabolomics based on the untargeted lipidomics are also discussed, including a study on COVID-19 patients with different severity to identify new diagnostic markers of current pandemic.
The next symposium in the series (RDPA 2023) is going to be organized from September 3rd to September 6th 2023 by the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Eastern Piedmont (UNIUPO) in Novara (Italy). We hope it will be another successful edition in this well-established conference series
Erratum to "Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of phenethylamine alkaloids in Citrus aurantium" [J. Chromatogr. A 1161 (2007) 71-88] (DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.097)
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Optimization and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata
No full textA simple and reliable HPLC method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cardiac glycoside in D. lanata raw material was developed and applied to healthu and phytoplasma infected plants
A new strategy based on microwave-assisted technology for the extraction and purification of beeswax policosanols for pharmaceutical purposes and beyond
No full textPolicosanols (PCs) are a mixture of long chain primary aliphatic alcohols mainly known for their ability to reduce cholesterol level. Due to this property, there is an increasing interest in the extraction process of these compounds. In this context, beeswax, a natural product produced by honey bees of the genus Apis, is a promising source for their extraction and purification. The present research work was aimed at the development of a new procedure for the extraction and purification of PCs from yellow beeswax by using microwave-assisted technology, which hitherto has never been applied to this mixture. The developed process comprises three main steps: 1) microwave-assisted trans-esterification; 2) microwave-assisted hydrolysis; 3) final purification by means of preparative liquid chromatography. The final step is responsible for the increased purity of PCs, thanks to the removal of undesired compounds, such as natural paraffins. The predominant alcohols investigated in this work are tetracosanol (C 24 OH), hexacosanol (C 26 OH), octacosanol (C 28 OH), triacontanol (C 30 OH) and dotriacontanol (C 32 OH). Compound identification was performed using GC-EI-MS, while GC-FID analysis was chosen for the quantification of the main fatty alcohols present in the product. This new method represents a useful tool for the production of PCs from beeswax to be used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for human use, feed and veterinary supplements
Effect-directed analysis of bioactive compounds in Cannabis sativa L. by high-performance thin-layer chromatography
No full textThe scientific interest on the plant Cannabis sativa L., and in particular on its non-psychoactive or fibre-type variety (hemp), has been highly increasing in recent years, due to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of its bioactive compounds. This plant is indeed characterized by a very rich chemical composition, which encompasses different classes of constituents, such as cannabinoids and terpenes. In this context, the bioanalytical testing of hemp extracts can be difficult and time-consuming. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) by the combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with biological and enzymatic assays represents one of the latest tools available for the rapid bioprofiling of complex matrices, such as plant extracts. In this ambit, the aim of this project was the non-targeted screening of inflorescence extracts from ten different hemp varieties for components exhibiting radical scavenging, antibacterial, enzyme inhibiting and estrogen-like effects. By HPTLC-EDA, the hemp samples exhibited strong antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and especially Gram-negative Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria, and also estrogen-like activity. They also inhibited α- and β-glucosidase, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase. The characterization of two prominently multipotent bioactive compound zones was finally achieved by HPTLC-HRMS and preliminary assigned as cannabidiolic acid and cannabidivarinic acid
Targeted Metabolomics for the Analysis of p-Cresol in Mouse Brain: Impact of Biological Sex and Strain
No full text: p-Cresol, an environmental contaminant and endogenous metabolite derived primarily from the conversion of l-tyrosine by intestinal microflora, is gaining increasing attention, due to its potential impact on human health. Recent studies have highlighted elevated levels of p-cresol and its metabolites, including p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide, in various populations, suggesting a correlation with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. While the role of this compound as a uremic toxin is well established, its presence and concentration within the central nervous system (CNS) remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, an high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was optimized and validated for the first time in this work for the targeted metabolomics of p-cresol in brain tissues. This method enabled the quantification of this compound in different brain areas of adult male and female C57BL/6J mice and in the cortex of various mouse strains, including CD-1 and the idiopathic autism model BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J. Additionally, preliminary analyses of human cortex samples confirmed the presence of p-cresol, suggesting its relevance in human brain health. Moreover, metabolomic analyses have further explored the correlations between p-cresol and neurotransmitters, with a particular focus on dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. These findings pave the way for understanding the potential impact of p-cresol on neurochemical networks and its implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders
Stable nitrogen isotopic composition of wine: a preliminary investigation
No full textThe 15N/14N ratio has been measured in several foods to trace geographical origin
and agricultural systems, but not yet in wine. In this work we developed a method for
measuring 15N/14N in bulk wine, following dealcoholisation and dehydration. The δ15N of
wine did not change after freeze-drying the sample or evaporating it under vacuum, obtaining adequate repeatability. The addition of nitrogen rich substances to must can affect the δ15N of wine. δ15N analysis of 170 wine samples from 17 Italian regions showed differences between red and white wines and between region
Micronized / ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as natural neuroprotector against COVID-19 inflammation
Full text linkCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is upsetting the world and innovative therapeutic solutions are needed in an attempt to counter this new pandemic. Great hope lies in vaccines, but drugs to cure the infected patient are just as necessary. In the most severe forms of the disease, a cytokine storm with neuroinflammation occurs, putting the patient's life at serious risk, with sometimes long-lasting sequelae. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is known to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, which make it an ideal candidate to be assumed in the earliest stage of the disease. Here, we provide a mini-review on the topic, pointing out phospholipids consumption in COVID-19, the possible development of an antiphospholipid syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and reporting our preliminary single-case experience concerning to a 45-year-old COVID-19 female patient recently treated with success by micronized / ultramicronized PEA
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