1,721,187 research outputs found
Relationship between in vivo and in vitro activity of terbinafine against Microsporum canis infection in cats
No full textPurpose. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of an agent can be expressed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC data obtained by various investigations can differ considerably and the results depend on many factors such as the type of evaluation, the type of inoculum, the size of the inoculum, the medium, and the incubation temperature. A correlation between in vitro antifungal susceptibility and in vivo clinical results has been established only in a few cases. Due to the lack of correlation, many factors inherent to the fungi, to the host and to the drug must be considered. Moreover, MIC values are unlikely to be obtained upon systemic application in the infection sites when testing the most important antifungal agents like griseofulvin or azoles, characterized by a fungistatic mode of action. In this study we evaluated the activity of terbinafine, a fungicidal drug, in vivo in naturally occurring feline dermatophytoses and compared it with its in vitro activity against Microsporum canis strains isolated from these cats before treatment. Materials and methods. In vivo activity, 30 mg/kg day of oral terbinafine was administered for 14 consecutive days to 11 cats showing symptomatic ringworm. The cats were checked regularly for dermatophytes by hairbrush diagnosis at the end of the treatment and 1, 2 and 3 months later. In vitro activity. The activity of terbinafine was evaluated versus M. canis strains isolated from the same cats before treatment. The MIC values were obtained with a microdilution test. Results. In spite of the fact that nd, canis showed an impressive biological variability in terms of in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to the drug, there was a correspondence between the in vitro sensitivity and the in vivo clinical response. The cats whose isolates showed the highest susceptibility to the drug were mycologically cleaned one month after the end of the therapy. The higher the resistance to the drug, the longer was the mycological recovery. Discussion. This correspondence can be referred to a precise follow up of the cats, to a correct methodology in vitro, but mostly to the fungicidal action and the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine. These factors make it possible to reach a concentration of the drug far above the minimum fungicidal concentration in the target tissues
Staphylococcus aureus enterotossico in formaggio artigianale a latte crudo: considerazioni sulla resistenza alla stagionatura e alle basse temperature e sulla produzione di enterotossine
No full textEfficacy of oral administration of itraconazole to cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis.
No full textObjective-To determine efficacy of orally administered itraconazole in cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis, Design-Uncontrolled clinical trial, Animals-15 cats with dermatophytosis caused by M canis. Procedure-All cats were treated with itraconazole (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg [0.7 to 1.4 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h, for 15 days), Six cats had been treated with griseofulvin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) during a BO-day period, but their clinical condition had not improved, Five cats treated at the highest dosage of itraconazole vomited or became anorectic. Consequently, dosages were progressively decreased for each cat until adverse effects were not evident. After treatment, samples of hair were submitted for fungal cultures, and if appropriate, treatment was repealed when culture results were positive, Results-8 cats treated with itraconazole recovered completely as indicated by resolution of lesions and negative results of fungal cultures. Six of these 8 cats received a single 15-day course of treatment, whereas the remaining 2 cats needed prolonged treatment (two 15-day courses of treatment and three 15-day courses of treatment). in 4 other cats that became clinically normal, M canis was isolated from hair samples obtained at the completion of treatment, even though only 1 colony or a small number of colonies was isolated. In the other 3 cats, itraconazole did not cause clinical improvement, and culture results remained positive. Clinical Implications-Oral administration of itraconazole at dosages of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg may be useful for the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis attributable to M canis infections
Prevenzione della toxoplasmosi umana e animale: il ruolo del Veterinario
No full textToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of both animals and man extremely common throughout the world. It causes abortion, mental retardation and retinochoroiditis in congenitally infected children and fatal encephalitis in immunodepressed patients. Clinical toxoplasmosis is also responsible for fetal losses in sheep, goats and pigs. Parasite transmission occurs through ingestion of food or water contaminated by sporulated oocysts, ingestion of raw milk, raw or undercooked meat,or transplacentally from mother to fetus/es. Knowledge of basic prophylactic measures is of fundamental importance in order to prevent infection of human beings and animals, especially in countries, such as Italy, where no specific governmental control plan is implemented and where every year approximately 1600 infants are born with congenital toxoplasmosis. This paper reviews current knowledge on this zoonosis, focusing on the key role of the Veterinarian as a public health officer
Attività della terbinafina per via orale nel trattamento delle dermatofizie feline sostenute da Microsporum canis
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