1,721,049 research outputs found
Indagine sulla presenza e la sensibilità agli antibiotici di Campylobacter termofili isolati da polli broiler in Nord Italia
No full textThermophilic Campylobacter spp. infections are the main cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and currently representing a relevant public health problem. Furthermore, an increasing number of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from animals, humans and foodstuffs is resistant to antimicrobial drugs commonly used in therapy of human campylobacteriosis. Since the leading role of poultry in transmitting the infection to humans, this study was carried out to evaluate the presence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in commercial broiler farms in Northern Italy. A total of 200 cloacal swabs from 10 chicken flocks were examined. Seven chicken flocks were positive for thermophilic Campylobacter. C. jejuni was detected in 63.8% of positive samples and C. coli in 36.2%. The agar disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer, 1966) was used to test the susceptibility to 20 antimicrobial drugs of 36 C. jejuni isolates and 21 C. coli isolates. All isolates showed resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs. Most isolates were resistant to quinolones, ampicillin and cephalosporins. A number of isolates was also resistant to oxytetracycline and sulphametoxazole+trimethoprim. Most isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and cefotaxime, and all susceptible to chloramphenicol. Susceptibility to macrolides, clindamycin, oxytetracycline and streptomycin was different between C. coli and C. jejuni. Particularly, most of C. coli isolates were resistant to macrolides and clindamycin, while most C. jejuni were susceptible. This study showed a widespread presence of thermophilic Campylobacter in commercial broilers and a high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among them. Chicken meat represents one of the main sources of food-borne infection in humans and antimicrobial resistant isolates could be transmitted to humans through food. Therefore, antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter strains should be strictly monitored due to the relevant impact on public health
ANALISI COMPARATIVA DI PARAMETRI IMMUNOLOGICI SIERICI, MUCOSALI E CELLULO-MEDIATI DOPO INFEZIONE DI CAMPO DA VIRUS PRRS (PRRSV)
No full textScopo di questo lavoro è stato confrontare lo sviluppo temporale dell’immunità umorale
e cellulo-mediata in 2 gruppi di scrofette PRRS-free introdotte in un allevamento da
riproduzione infetto da PRRSV. In particolare, sono stati analizzati anticorpi IgG sierici,
IgG ed IgA salivari, risposta cellulo-mediata (test di rilascio di interferon-gamma
speciico per PRRSV). Tali parametri sono stati valutati al ine di evidenziare possibili
differenze nello sviluppo e nella cinetica della risposta immunitaria nei confronti del
virus della PRRS. Le scrofette hanno contratto l’infezione attorno alle 7-9 settimane
dall’ingresso in allevamento. Sono emersi in particolare 4 risultati salienti: A) la
precocità della risposta Ab nei liquidi orali di gruppo è analoga a quella evidenziata
nei sieri; B) buone condizioni di sanità, benessere e conduzione aziendale si associano
ad una precoce risposta immunitaria umorale e, soprattutto cellulo-mediata (test IFNgamma),
a differenza di quello che si osserva in allevamenti “problema” per PRRS; C)
la risposta cellulo-mediata presenta differenze anche elevate tra soggetti dello stesso
gruppo, ma i gruppi tendono a distinguersi chiaramente tra loro rispetto a tale parametro;
D) la positività anticorpale nel liquido orale di gruppo viene assicurata anche solo da
pochi suini sieropositivi sul totale degli 8-10 soggetti che depositano i liquidi orali.
Sono state osservate inine alcune criticità riguardo all’uso del cordino di gruppo per
il recupero dei liquidi orali in suini di età > 12 settimane, da affrontare con opportune
modiiche del protocollo d’impiego
Serological survey forInfluenza Type A Viruses in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats(Felis catus) in North-eastern Italy
No full textTo ascertain the potential transmission of influenza A viruses to dogs and cats, a serological survey was carried out in North-eastern Italy. In a 4-year period, 637 serum samples were screened using a Mab-based competitive ELISA for anti-nucleoprotein A (NPA) antibody detection of influenza viruses. No evidence of anti-NPA antibodies was observed
Salmonella spp. prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern (phenotypic profiles and presence of genetic AMR determinants) of serotypes isolated from pet reptiles in Northern Italy
No full textA total of 324 cloacal swabs were collected from reptiles kept at pet animals import centres (48 samples), pet shops (103 samples), zoological park (71 samples) and private owners (102 samples) located in Northern Italy. Samples were collected from healthy snakes (n = 147), lizards (n = 85) and turtles (n = 92). Isolation, typization of Salmonella spp. and the evaluation of sensitivity to different classes of antimicrobial drugs (16 antimicrobial agents) were performed using the classical bacteriological and serological procedures and the agar disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Isolates showing particular phenotypic AMR profiles were subjected to further molecular characterizations, especially the detection by PCR and sequencing of genetic elements involved in the diffusion and dissemination of AMR among Enterobacteriaceae (i.e. class 1 and class 2 integrons and AMR genes codifying for the resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, phenicol compounds etc...).
Salmonella spp. was isolated from 205 (63.3 %) cloacal swabs. Prevalence data were different for snakes (76.9 %) and lizards (74.1 %) compared to turtles (31.5 %). Serotyping showed the presence of S. enterica subsp. enterica (53.2 %), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (29.8 %), S. enterica subsp. houtenae (10.2 %), S. enterica subsp. salamae (6.3 %) and S. enterica subsp. arizonae (0.5 %).
Out of 205 isolates, only 12 (5.8 %) showed full susceptibility to all the drugs tested and 95 (46.3 %) strains showed multidrug-resistance (i. e. resistance to three or more antimicrobials). Out of the 205 isolates, only 1 carried class 1 integron and only few strains showed a correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of AMR. These data underlines the importance to carry out further genetic investigations to better understand the genetic bases and mechanisms of the diffusion of AMR among these strains
VALUTAZIONE DELLA RISPOSTA IMMUNITARIA SIERICA, MUCOSALE E CELLULO-MEDIATA CONSEGUENTE A INFEZIONE DI CAMPO DA VIRUS PRRS (PRRSV)
No full textINTRODUZIONE: La valutazione della risposta immunitaria contro virus della Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) è importante per il monitoraggio dell’efficacia dei piani aziendali di controllo della malattia. Lo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di valutare e confrontare la cinetica dell’immunità umorale sierica e mucosale e cellulo-mediata in 2 gruppi di scrofette PRRS-free introdotte allevamento infetto da PRRSV.
MATERIALI E METODI: La presenza del virus è stata monitorata mediante real time RT-PCR [1]. Gli anticorpi specifici nel siero, e le IgG e IgA mucosali dei fluidi orali di gruppo (ottenute tramite cordino) sono stati titolati con kit commerciali. La risposta cellulo-mediata è stata valutata tramite test di rilascio di interferone-gamma specifico per PRRSV [2, 3].
RISULTATI: La precocità di comparsa della risposta anticorpale nel liquido orale è analoga a quella dei sieri e la positività del campione salivare di gruppo è assicurata anche da pochi suini sieropositivi sul totale degli utilizzatori del cordino. Le condizioni di allevamento stabile per PRRS si è associata ad una dinamica favorevole della risposta immunitaria con sostanziale accordo tra i parametri anticorpali sierici, mucosali e di risposta cellulo-mediata. Inoltre, la rilevazione della risposta anticorpale nei liquidi orali si è dimostrata assai più “robusta” rispetto alla dimostrazione del virus nel siero e nei liquidi orali stessi mediante PCR.
CONCLUSIONI: Il monitoraggio sanitario per la PRRS basato sul prelievo dei liquidi orali si è dimostrato accurato e tempestivo a fronte di un impegno logistico molto ridotto rispetto ai prelievi di sangue sul singolo animale, dimostrando inoltre un sostanziale accordo tra i parametri anticorpali sierici, mucosali e di risposta cellulo-mediata
Lethal septic shock after dental scaling in a healthy dog due to Ochrobactrum anthropi-contaminated propofol
No full textA 10-year-old, 6-kg male Yorkshire terrier dog was scheduled for routine dental cleaning. No significant
problem was observed either during anaesthesia, which was induced with propofol, or during recovery.
However, 2 hours after discharge, the dog’s owner returned to the clinic, complaining that the
animal was lethargic and had had bloody diarrhoea. On physical examination the dog was depressed,
dyspnoeic, tachycardic and hypoglycaemic. Despite supportive treatment, the dog deteriorated and
died within a few hours.
A presumed diagnosis of sepsis was confirmed by laboratory testing. Bacteriological and molecular
examinations of both premortem blood samples and the anaesthetic, highlighted the presence of
Ochrobactrum anthropi, an opportunistic pathogen usually associated with immunocompromised hosts
with indwelling medical devices. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of sepsis in a healthy
dog due to contamination of an anaesthetic solution by O. anthropi, suggesting a potential role of this
microorganism as an emerging pathogen
Transition cow: non-specific immune response
Full text linkThe immune system consists of cells and their products, whose prime function is the protection of the host against pathogens and it can also acts as an accommodation device to facilitate the development of relatively peaceful associations with foreign organisms which, in some instances and especially in ruminants, could be or could become symbiotic. The immune system during pregnancy and the exchange of immunity from mother to newborn are unique events in immunological physiology. The peripartum hormonal changes contribute to impaired immune function. The physical and metabolic stresses of pregnancy, calving and lactation contribute to the decrease of host resistance and the subsequent increase in disease incidence. Pregnancy and peripartum period result in nonspecific immunosuppression of the dairy cow. The magnitude and timing of this reduction depend on many factors such as not adequate hygienic and sanitary management, not appropriate feed and housing and genetic differences. In this paper we deal with the evaluation of some parameters of non-specific immunity in dairy cattle in order to depict important features of the immune reactivity during the transition period and to make possible a preventive treatment. Lysozime concentration, serum bactericidal activity, serum proteins elettrophoretic profile, aptoglobin and complement with further analysis of non specific cellular immunological parameters could determine the effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on non-specific immune response especially during the peripartum period and may suggest the presence of not adequate hygienic and sanitary condition of the herd and/or not appropriate feed and management approach
Transition cow: analisi della risposta immunitaria aspecifica
No full textThe immune system consists of cells and their products, whose prime function is the protection of the host against pathogens and it can also acts as an accommodation device to facilitate the development of relatively peaceful associations with foreign organisms which, in some instances and especially in ruminants, could be or could become symbiotic. The immune system during pregnancy and the exchange of immunity from mother to newborn are unique events in immunological physiology. The peripartum hormonal changes contribute to impaired immune function. The physical and metabolic stresses of pregnancy, calving and lactation contribute to the decrease of host resistance and the subsequent increase in disease incidence. Pregnancy and peripartum period result in nonspecific immunosuppression of the dairy cow. The magnitude and timing of this reduction depend on many factors such as not adequate hygienic and sanitary management, not appropriate feed and housing and genetic differences. In this paper we deal with the evaluation of some parameters of non-specific immunity in dairy cattle in order to depict important features of the immune reactivity during the transition period and to make possible a preventive treatment. Lysozime concentration, serum bactericidal activity, serum proteins elettrophoretic profile, aptoglobin and complement with further analysis of non specific cellular immunological parameters could determine the effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on non-specific immune response especially during the peripartum period and may suggest the presence of not adequate hygienic and sanitary condition of the herd and/or not appropriate feed and management approach
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