1,721,136 research outputs found
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Energy Storage Rule-Based Control in Reducing the Power Flow Uncertainties Caused by Distributed Photovoltaic Systems
No full textBattery energy storage systems (BESSs) are increasingly adopted to mitigate the negative effects caused by the intermittent generation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The majority of commercial BESSs implement the self-consumption, rule-based approach, which aims at storing the excess of PV production, and then reusing it when the power demand of the loads exceeds the PV power generation. Even though this approach proved to be a valid solution to increase the self-consumption of distributed generators, its ability to reduce the power flow uncertainties caused by PV systems is still debatable. To fill this gap, this study aims at answering this question by proposing a dedicated set of key performance indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are used to evaluate the performance of a 13.8 kWp/25.2 kWh Lithium-Ion BESS coupled with a 64 kWp PV system. The results of the study revealed that the impact of the storage system had almost negligible effects on the uncertainty of the net power flows, while showing better results in terms of the reduction of the absolute power ramps, particularly during the BESS charge stages. These results represent an interesting point of discussion by suggesting that different storage control approaches should be investigated
Fascism in the public sphere of post-fascist Italy
No full textOver the entire post-war period up to the present day, the endurance of fascism has remained a significant subject of Italian politics. The neo-fascist party, Movimento Sociale Italiano (M.S.I.), was born immediately after the Second World War. Furthermore, the transition to Republic coexisted with structural continuity with the dictatorship: many elements of fascist state, as the administrative institutions, central bureaucracy and economic ruling class, were maintained. Alongside concrete (both political and institutional) continuities, we can also observe diverse continuities that marked cultures, languages, and political discourses. The shadow of fascism has often invaded the public sphere in ways that condition the political debate and cultural imaginary. Firstly, for all the democratic and progressive parties and movements the Mussolini’s dictatorship has been a constant negative reference point from which they openly distance themselves. Secondly, the spectre of fascism has always been evoked in the political debate with respect to the present and to warn against the return of authoritarianism in new forms. Thirdly, many periodicals, novels, films, comics, and television programmes trivialized the historical experience of Italian fascism, representing it, through recurrent narrative clichés, as a sort of phenomenon only partially corresponding to historical reality
Retrofitting Existing Charging Stations for Light Mobility: Enhancing Infrastructure to Support Sustainable Transportation
No full textA supply chain model with integrated thermal recovery and electricity generation from industrial waste heat
No full textThe industrial sector is the most energy-demanding activity in modern societies, consuming about 54 % of the world’s total delivered energy. The largest amount of waste heat in the industry sector is generated by energy-intensive processes, such as the manufacturing of food, paper, basic metals (e.g. iron and steel), chemicals, and non-metallic minerals. Among these, the metal industry, which includes iron and steel manu- facturing, aluminium production, and metal casting, covers a great share of the overall energy consumption, and present large energy efficiency potentials. In these processes, the op- portunity to recover waste heat represent an effective way to reduce both energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent research streams focused on the potential of supply chain management, and of integrated network in enhanc- ing the outcomes of energy efficiency measures. A few works analysed the opportunity to recover energy from excess heat in integrated systems, mainly focusing on active applications for the generation of electricity. In this study, this approach is extended by formulating a supply chain inventory model with integrated waste heat recovery from the exhaust gases gener- ated by energy intensive processes. The decision-making pro- cess is firstly modelled as a decentralized policy in which the two actors aim to minimize their own total costs, and then as a centralized policy in which the actors cooperate in order to optimize the economic performance of the supply chain. The decision variables of the model are the lot size, the number of shipment from the vendor to the buyer, and the amount and use of recovered energy
Dispatching policies for stationary battery storage in the presence of photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle supply equipment
No full textEnergy systems are experiencing a growth of distributed generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) thanks to their contribution to the transition towards sustainable systems. The adoption of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BEESs) represents a key-enabling technology to increase the penetration of RESs, as they can mitigate their main drawbacks (i.e., intermittency and uncertainty) by enabling the capability of non-simultaneous production and consumption. BESSs are typically operated by implementing rule-based algorithms, mainly aiming at increasing the self-consumption of the energy produced by renewables. Nevertheless, different dispatching policies can be applied, particularly in the presence of intermittent but relevant load demands, such as those introduced by electric vehicle supply equipment. In this study, the System Advisor Model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States of America was used to test and compare different BESS dispatching policies by referring to a real case study. The reference use case is a building located in the engineering campus of the University of Brescia, Italy, equipped with a 64 kWp photovoltaic system and a 25.2 kWh and 13.8 kWp Lithium-Ion BESS. The results of the analyses show that the semi-automatic Automated Grid Power Target policy was the most performant for the considered use case, both in terms of demand peaks reduction and load shifting, by, at the same time, providing relevant flexibility options. These results can be used as managerial insights supporting policy makers and energy system users for the evaluation of dispatching policies. © 2022, AIDI - Italian Association of Industrial Operations Professors. All rights reserved
Comparative Analysis of Charging Station Technologies for Light Electric Vehicles for the Exploitation in Small Islands †
Full text linkThe worldwide growing adoption of Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs) indicates that such technology might in the near future be decisive for improving the sustainability of transportation. The segment of LEVs has some peculiar features compared to electric mobility in general, which then deserve a devoted investigation. Stakeholders are called to implement the most appropriate technology depending on the context, by taking into account multi-faceted factors, which are the investigation object of this work. At first, a methodology is formulated for estimating the power and energy impact of LEVs recharging. Based on this, and assessed that the load constituted by LEVs is in general modest but might create some problems in lowly structured networks, it becomes conceivable to develop Charging Station (CS) technologies which are alternative to the grid connection at a point of delivery. Yet, it is fundamental to develop accurate methodologies for the techno-economic and environmental analysis. This work considers a use case developed at the University of Brescia (Italy): a CS operating off-grid, powered by PhotoVoltaics (PV). Its peculiarity is that it is transportable, which makes it more appealing for rural/remote areas or when the charging demand is highly not homogeneous in time. On these grounds, this work specializes to a context where the proposed solution might be more appealing: small isolated islands, in particular Favignana in Sicily (Italy). It is estimated that the adoption of the proposed off-grid CS is by far advantageous as regards the greenhouse gases emissions but it is more economically profitable than the grid connection only if the number of users per day is less than order of 200. Hence this work provides meaningful indications on the usefulness of off-grid CS powered by PV in peculiar contexts and furnishes a general method for their techno-economic and environmental assessment
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