1,721,035 research outputs found
Applications of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography in forensic analysis
No full textNon disponibileForensic science include all the applications of science which can be used to support at
any level the enforcement of the law. Moreover, in many countries the term forensic
science also includes the scientific knowledge on the basis of which new laws and rules
are drafted. Forensic analysis is a rapidly expanding field of analytical research as
witnessed by the numerous publications and specific scientific reviews present in the
Pubmed database, which at present includes as many as 12341 titles.
It is worth noting however, that the majority of works concerning forensic analysis are
related to chromatographic techniques (GC and HPLC) which can provide fast and easily
comparable results, due to widespread standardized procedures. So far, little space has
been given to electrophoresis. However, the low consumption of sample and reagents, the
ability to separate both macromolecules and ions (both inorganic and organic) and the
ruggedness of the instrumentation, have contributed to make the capillary electrophoresis
(CE), known also as high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), a widely
appreciated analytical technique with an extremely wild field of applications. In recent
years, great attention has been paid to CE by leading forensic science laboratories at the
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) and the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation).
Already in 1996 CE has been discussed as an example of application in US courts of new
federal rules of evidence following the Daubert standard (Kuffner et al., 1996). In this
perspective, to provide further confirmation of the reliability and applicability of this
technique in forensic laboratories, this work is started and aimed in its first part.
The second part, instead, was aimed at confirming HPLC as a valuable tool for screening
and identification and for precise and sensitive quantification of analytes of forensic
interest. This subject does not need wide introduction, as probably does CE, since
chromatographic techniques nowadays are commonly used for screening, identification
and quantification of drugs, poisons and their metabolites, in every forensic laboratory.
The areas of analytical toxicology in which chromatographic techniques are mostly used
include analysis of amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, anesthetics, hypnotics,
benzodiazepines, antidepressants, neuroleptics, antihistamines, sulfonylurea-type
antidiabetics, beta-blockers, and other cardiac drugs. So, HPLC, after long time of
reluctantly, is today widely accepted in forensic analysis laboratories, whereas CE is still
seen with suspicion.
The aim of the present work is to show how both these techniques may be useful in the
hands of forensic scientists, and particularly forensic toxicologists
Opiates
No full textOpiates are both therapeutical and illicit drugs used by the population. Notwithstanding the introduction of new psychoactive substances
(NPS), in particular of new derivatives of fentanyl, opiates and heroin in particular, represents one of the most diffused illicit drug and still
accounts for most of the seizures worldwide. The article presents an overview on opiates classification and their analgesic activity and
pharmacology. Their potential of abuse in relation to general population and in case of tampering activities is described. Opiates are also
strictly monitored in the workplace drug testing programs worldwide for the risks of accidents correlated to their use and dependence.
Analytical methods for opiates detection in biological fluids are also discussed
La strategia analitica tossicologico-forense negli accertamenti sull’idoneità alla guida
No full textRapid determination of lithium in serum samples by capillary electrophoresis
No full textLithium salts are still one of the most popular therapeutic approaches to the treatment of bipolar disorders, notwithstanding the introduction of more modern, less toxic drugs. Because of a narrow therapeutic range, lithium serum concentrations must be strictly monitored during the treatment to avoid life-threatening neurotoxicity. For this purpose, methods based on flame photometry or ion-selective electrodes are usually applied. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple method for the determination of lithium in serum based on capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect detection. A validation of the method was carried out, including a comparison with an automated routine method based on ion-selective electrode
Determination of major ecstasy constituents in hair by capillary electrophoresis with UV and mass detection
No full textThe aim of the work was the development of a direct, chiral CE method for the separation of MDA, MSMA, and MDEA as well as of amphetamine and other congeners in hair
Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences, an update over years 2009-2011
No full textThe present article reviews and comments the applications of capillary electrophoresis in the different areas of forensic sciences covering the time from the second half of 2009 until the first part of 2011, being the latest update of previous reviews covering the years from 2001 to 2009. Numerous articles reporting applications of capillary electrophoresis to analytical problems of potential interest for the forensic researchers and scientists can be found in the most qualified journals of analytical chemistry, analytical biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, laboratory medicine, human genetics, etc. However, the present review has been focused on discussing only the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques published in the following fields: (i) illicit and abused drugs, (ii) ions and small molecules of forensic interest, (iii) proteins and peptides of forensic interest, (iv) dyes and inks, (v) forensic DNA. The present review collects and comments on 60 references
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