120 research outputs found
Computational Chemistry and Bioinformatics Research Core (CCBRC)
Get PDFDepartment/Unit poster (BioMolecular Sciences). Corresponding author: Sushil Mishra ([email protected])https://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2022/1012/thumbnail.jp
230 - Sushil Paudyal
No full textDigital dermatitis is a major cause of lameness in dairy cows causing pain in the limbs leading to reduced animal welfare and significant economic loss. With strict antibiotic regulations and increasing organic dairies, the clinically validated non-antibiotic treatment options are of great value. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of digital dermatitis using different combinations of copper sulfate, iodine, and honey. Cows with M1 and M2 DD lesion score were identified and enrolled in the hoof-trimming chute. Cows were randomized to be treated with one of the three treatment options: Copper sulfate and Iodine (CS-I), Honey and Iodine (HO-I) and Control (CON). All 70 cows were followed up on D3, D12 and D28 and a subsample of 45 cows were followed until d120 to evaluate lesion size, lesion stage, lameness score and pain response. Tissue samples were collected on D3, D28 and D120 to investigate dynamics of microbial metagenomics. The data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED and PROC GENMOD with repeated measures. The results show that 43% of the lesions were found on the left feet and 57% on the right feet. The early erosive form of lesions changes into papillomatous mature form as the lesion progresses irrespective of treatment application. The lesion size differed among treatment groups and the effect varied with different follow-up days (P< 0.05). The lesion decreased for both CS-I and HO-I group till day 12 after which the HO-I group had an increase in lesion size. In contrast to this CON group had a slower decrease in lesion size. The pain response was decreased for CS-I and less for HO-I groups. The odds of pain and the odds of getting a lame cow decreases as the time progresses. Thus, non-antibiotic treatment options are effective in controlling pain and decreasing lesion size up to 12 days. Also, clinical assessment of animals and evaluation of lesions suggest CS-I combination is superior to HO-I and CON group
User-independent robust statistics for computer vision
No full textThe goal of robust methods in computer vision is to extract all the information necessary to solve a given task while discarding everything that is not needed. The tasks can be very simple or very complex, but in real-life applications, a robust procedure is always required. In the end, the performance of a machine for solving a vision problem will be judged against that of human observers performing the equivalent task. Since we know that the human visual system works in a much more sophisticated manner than the present day computer vision systems, this ultimate goal is still far away. Nonetheless, the aim of robust computer vision systems has always been to emulate human vision-like behavior in the presence of noise. Furthermore, the
robust algorithms should be independent of user inputs up to quite a large extent. However, contrary to this, almost all state-of-the-art robust estimation algorithms are dependent on the user for providing some information about the underlying characteristics of the data on which the algorithm operates. Often times, it is hard for the user to supply such information to the
algorithm. The work presented here focuses on developing robust algorithms for computer vision, that
can estimate the underlying model in the data without any sort of user intervention. We present several interesting applications both in geometric computer vision and medical imaging. In the first part, we present a completely user-free robust regression algorithm called the generalized projection based M-estimator (gpbM) which can estimate multiple inlier structures present in the data also containing a lot of gross outliers without any user input. We also show how the
model estimate can be further refined by using optimization on Grassmann manifolds. In the second part, we present three important applications in medical imaging involving 3D computed tomography (CT) data – automatic detection of coronary lesions, automatic correction of coronary centerlines and automatic segmentation of coronary vessels. Finally, in the third part, we present the application of automatic and robust document image alignment and comparison.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Sushil Mitta
E-Mail authorship attribution for computer forensics
No full textIn this chapter, we briefly overview the relatively new discipline of computer forensics and describe an investigation of forensic authorship attribution or identification undertaken on a corpus of multi-author and multi-topic e-mail documents. We use an extended set of e-mail document features such as structural characteristics and linguistic patterns together with a Support Vector Machine as the learning algorithm. Experiments on a number of e-mail documents generated by different authors on a set of topics gave promising results for both inter- and intratopic author categorisation
Modeling ignition and extinction in condensed phase combustion
Get PDFThe characteristics of ignition and extinction in thermites and intermetallics are a subject of interest in developing the latest generation of energetic materials. An experimental “striker confinement” shock compression experiment was developed in the Prof. Glumac’s research group at the University of Illinois to study ignition and reaction in composite reactive materials. These include thermitic and intermetallic reactive powders. We discuss our model for the ignition of copper oxide-aluminum thermite in the context of the striker experiment and how a Gibbs formulation model, that includes multi-components for liquid and solid phases of aluminum, copper oxide, copper and aluminum oxide, can predict the events observed at the particle scale in the experiments. Furthermore, the characteristics of a steady diffusion flame that arises at the interfaces of two condensed phase reactant (titanium-boron) and gas reactant (methane-air) streams that form an opposed counterflow are discussed. In the the gas flow scenario, the asymptotic analysis is carried on both constant and variable density formulations and compared the solutions to those obtained numerically. In the case of condensed phase reactants, several types of analyses are carried out at increasing levels of complexities: an asymptotic analysis valid in the limit of low strain rates (high residence time in the reaction zone), a constant mixture density assumption that simplifies the flow description, diffusion models with equal and unequal molecular weights for the various species, and a full numerical study for finite rate chemistry, composition-dependent density and strain rates extending from low to moderate values.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Sushil Koundinyan, accepted the attached license on 2016-09-19 at 15:22.The student, Sushil Koundinyan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-09-19 at 15:27.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-09-20 at 13:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10165 on 2017-02-28 at 14:35:59Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T16:36:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Implications of Environmental Differences on Strategies of Multinationals' Manufacturing Subsidiaries<sup>*</sup>
No full text In this article, Sushil Vachani develops four propositions about how multinationals' operations are affected by differences in the environments of lessdeveloped countries(LDCs), middle-income countries(MICs), and developed countries(DCs). First, LDCs will be less inclined to host multinationals that have advertisingbased assets than those which have R & D based assets. Second, the proportion of multinationals' subsidiaries formed through acquisition will be smaller in LDCs than in DCs and MICs. Third, within LDCs (and MICs and DCs), the size of the country's industrial base is a contributing factor in the formation of multinational subsidiaries by acquisition. Fourth, the size of the local market has an important bearing on the proportion of export-oriented subsidiaries in a country. Vachani examines each of these propositions using a database of overseas subsidiaries of Fortune 500 multinationals. Drawing implications for managers of multinationals, the author emphasizes the importance of taking into account the differences in the political and econpmic environment of LDCs, MICs, and DCs when formulating business strategy. </jats:p
Efficient sequential decision-making algorithms for container inspection operations
No full textSequential diagnosis is an old subject, but one that has become increasingly important recently. There exists a need for new models and algorithms as the traditional methods for making decisions sequentially do not scale. Motivated by the problem of container inspection at the U.S. ports, we investigate the problem of finding efficient algorithms for sequential diagnosis. More specifically, we formulate the port of entry inspection sequencing task as a problem of finding an optimal binary decision tree for an appropriate Boolean decision function. We provide new algorithms that are computationally more efficient than those previously presented by Stroud and Saeger [31] and Anand et al [1]. We achieve these efficiencies through a combination of specific numerical methods for finding optimal thresholds for sensor functions and two novel binary decision tree search algorithms that operate on a space of potentially acceptable binary decision trees. The improvements enable us to analyze substantially larger applications than was previously possible.
We try to solve the problem of finding an optimal inspection strategy by breaking it into two sub-problems - 1. Finding sensor threshold values that minimize the cost for a given binary decision tree and 2. ``Searching'' for the cheapest binary decision tree in a large space of trees or equivalence classes of trees. For solving the first problem, we explore various standard non-linear optimization techniques and also propose a novel algorithm by combining the gradient descent method and Newton's method in optimization to compute optimal thresholds for any given tree. We propose two novel search algorithms - A stochastic search method and a genetic algorithms based search method, as a solution to the second sub-problem. We also propose ``neighborhood'' operations to move from one tree to another in the proposed tree space and prove that the tree space is irreducible under these neighborhood operations.
We report results from numerous experiments with and without imposing restrictions on the tree space and examine how the optimal binary decision trees vary with these changes. For example, for most of the work in this thesis, we restrict the tree space to constitute only ``complete'' and ``monotonic'' binary decision trees. Later, we ``shrink'' the tree space by discovering equivalence classes of trees while we ``expand'' the tree space by removing the monotonicity constraint.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63)
Characterization of novel immunomodulatory proteins encoded by parapoxvirus ORF virus
Get PDFOrf or contagious ecthyma is a ubiquitous disease of sheep and goats caused by the parapoxvirus (PPV) orf virus (ORFV). The disease is characterized by focal lesions in the mucocutaneous transitions of the mouth that progress from maculae to papulae, pustules and scabs, and usually resolve in 6-8 weeks. ORFV preparations have long been used in Veterinary Medicine as a preventive and therapeutic immunomodulatory agent. However, the functions (genes, proteins, and mechanisms of action) involved in immunomodulation remain poorly understood. ORFV establishes infection of keratinocytes in a proinflammatory environment triggered by skin abrasions. Thus, it is likely ORFV evolved unique mechanisms to modulate inflammatory responses and innate immune signaling very early in infection. In this thesis, the roles in immune evasion of two genes unique to PPV, ORFV073 and ORFV113, were investigated.
ORFV073 was shown to encode for a virion NF-κB inhibitor that functions very early in infected primary ovine cells (OFTu). In the present study, a role of ORFV073 in immune evasion and virulence was investigated. Infection with a ORFV in which ORFV073 has been deleted (OV-IA82Δ073) led to increased accumulation of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), marked phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) subunits IKKα and IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB-p65), and to early nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in virus-infected cells (≤ 30 min post infection). Consistent with observed inhibition of IKK complex activation, ORFV073 interacted with the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex NEMO. Infection of sheep with OV-IA82Δ073 led to virus attenuation, indicating that ORFV073 is a virulence determinant in the natural host. ORFV073 represents the first poxviral virion-associated NF-κB inhibitor described, highlighting the significance of early inhibition of NF-κB signaling in virus infected cells.
ORFV113 was shown to enhance p38 kinase phosphorylation in ORFV infected OFTu cells, cells transiently expressing ORFV113 and in cells treated with soluble ORFV113. Infection of cells with ORFV113 gene deletion virus (OV-IA82Δ113) significantly decreased p38 phosphorylation and reduced the size of ORFV plaques. Infection of cells with ORFV in the presence of p38 inhibitor markedly diminished ORFV plaque formation and ORFV replication, highlighting importance of p38 signaling during ORFV infection. Consistent with the activation of p38 signaling, ORFV113 interacted with Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1), a G protein coupled receptor. ORFV113 enhancement of p38 activation was prevented by treatment of cell cultures with LPA1 inhibitor, and in LPA1 siRNA and CRISPR knock down cells. Additionally, treatment of cells with Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and antibody against LPA1 enhanced ORFV113 induced p38 phosphorylation. Infection of sheep with OV-IA82Δ113 led to a strikingly attenuated disease phenotype, indicating that ORFV113 is a major virulence determinant in the natural host.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Sushil Khatiwada, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-10 at 10:47.The student, Sushil Khatiwada, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-10 at 11:01.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-13 at 12:08.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15528 on 2020-10-02 at 15:49:56Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Unobserved Component Time Series Models with ARCH Disturbances
Get PDFWe are also grateful to Neil Shephard, Mervyn King, Sushil Wadhwani, Manuel Arellano, Herman van Dijk, Rob Engle, and several anonymous referees for their comments. In addition we would like to thank Ray Chou. Frank Diebold, and Charles Goodharl for supplying us with the data used in the applicalions. The second author acknowledges financial support from the Basque Government; the third author acknowledges support from the LSE Financial Markets Group and the Spanish Ministry of Educalion and Science.Publicad
Dire need to impart moral education in schools
Get PDFBuilding upon the recent boxer Sushil Kumar case, the author finds the traditional family and social structure failing in its duty to instil morals in the youth, so that the onus falls squarely on schools and a serious implementation of the soon-to-be implemented NEP2020.
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