1,721,611 research outputs found
Peritoneal Morphological Changes due to Pneumoperitoneum: The Effect of Intra-abdominal Pressure.
No full textIntroduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) used in laparoscopy evokes local and systemic effects. This study was designed to evaluate the histopathologic morphologic changes due to CO2 and air insufflation, at different pressure levels, on visceral and parietal peritoneum in rats.Materials and Methods A total of 56 rats were object of the study, randomly divided into five groups. Pneumoperitoneum (PN) was maintained for 30 minutes, at a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and at a pressure of 10 and 6 mm Hg with CO2 (group S1-S2, n = 32) and filtered air (group A1-A2, n = 16). Only anesthesia was performed in the fifth group (group C, n = 8). Peritoneal samples were obtained 24 hours later for blinded histological evaluation. A grading system was adopted to evaluate histological peritoneal changes (0, no change; 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, severe) such as mesothelial aspect, inflammatory response, edema, and hemorrhage. The score reflected the severity of damage and was calculated by the sum of the degree evaluated separately. Values were compared with the analysis of variance analysis.Results CO2 and air insufflation caused reactive mesothelial cells and peritoneal inflammation of different degrees depending on the level of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and type of gas. These modifications were absent in group C and were less evident in low pressure S2 group with respect to S1 and A1-A2 groups. The average values of histopathologic peritoneal score showed significant differences between S2 (11.5) versus S1 groups (16.83) with respect to A groups (A1 = 27.83; A2 = 20.5) and compared with the controls (C = 2.5).Conclusions Our data confirm that PN affects the peritoneal integrity. The grades of morphological peritoneal changes are related to the level of IAP. Low CO2 pressure causes minor peritoneal changes with respect to high pressure and air insufflation
Circulatory and metabolic effects of anemia in hyperinsulinemic ovine fetuses
No full text Pages H250–H257: A. Papparella, D. Berard, and B. S. Stonestreet. “Circulatory and metabolic effects of anemia in hyperinsulinemic ovine fetuses.” Page H252: the unit of measure for oxygen content in Table 1 should be ml/dl. Therefore the corrected Table 1 should appear as follows. (See PDF) </jats:p
Circulatory and metabolic effects of anemia in hyperinsulinemic ovine fetuses
No full text Pages H250–H257: A. Papparella, D. Berard, and B. S. Stonestreet. “Circulatory and metabolic effects of anemia in hyperinsulinemic ovine fetuses.” Page H252: the unit of measure for oxygen content in Table 1 should be ml/dl. Therefore the corrected Table 1 should appear as follows. (See PDF) </jats:p
Pneumoconiosi nel cane: osservazioni al microscopio ottico, elettronico a trasmissione e a scansione e micro-analisi a raggi x
No full textLa fibrosi o sclerosi polmonare consegue a: 1.cronicizzazione di lesioni infiammatorie diffuse, o degenerative dei tessuti pleuropolmonari; 2.a proliferazione del connettivo peribroncovascolare per insulti ripetuti, cronici, agenti primitivamente sulle vie bronchiali o sul circolo polmonare; 3.a flogosi polmonari interstiziali granulomatose diffuse a reticoendoteliti e a collagenopatie 4.a proliferazioni elettive ed apparentemente primitive del mesenchima polmonare. Più frequentemente la fibrosi polmonare rappresenta l’esito di processi infiammatori polmonari, bronchiali o pleurici aspecifici - broncopolmoniti batteriche e virali, bronchiti acute e croniche, e specifici come la tubercolosi che è la causa più nota di processi fibrotici riparativi ed evolutivi. Anche la prolungata inalazione di alcune polveri minerali o di fumi, vapori e polveri nocive di origine industriale causa danno polmonare caratterizzato da fibrosi. Alcune affezioni cardio-vascolari (stenosi mitralica, insufficienza ventricolare sinistra, embolie polmonari) sono causa di fibrosi polmonari.Gli aspetti e le modificazioni strutturali osservati sono risultati particolarmente significativi essendo chiaramente connessi alla presenza di sostanze estranee e testimoniando pertanto una precisa risposta dei tessuti polmonari e linfonodali a stimoli derivati dalla noxa. L’aspetto più interessante delle nostre osservazioni è rappresentato dalla fibrosi, peribronchiale, perivascolare, alveolo-capillare e pleurica. Nel nostro studio, la stressa associazione tra proliferazione di tessuto connettivo e macrofagi attivati per la presenza del materiale particolato estraneo, conferma ancora una volta, sia il ruolo centrale svolto dal macrofago nella modulazione del processo fibrogenetico ed in particolare nelle fibrosi conseguenti a polveri sia l’importanza delle polveri aereodisperse nel determinismo di pneumopatie croniche. Il nostro studio ci permette di concludere che gli animali domestici rappresentano un valido modello per lo studio delle patologie ambientali e che il cane in particolare rappresenta un modello “privilegiato” per il fatto che questo vivendo strettamente a contatto con l’uomo, ne condivide ambiente e stile di vita e può essere quindi considerato, secondo la diversa tipologia di studio, un plausibile modello, indicatore o sentinella in grado di offrire risultati degni di considerazione scientifica
Histochemical and immunohistological approach to comparative neuromuscular diseases.
Full text linkThe broad category of neuromuscular diseases covers conditions that involve the weakness or wasting of the body muscles. These problems may occur in the spinal cord, the peripheral nerves or the muscle fibers. Some may be hereditary, while others are acquired. Commonly recognized conditions fall into the categories of myopathies, which are diseases of the muscle like muscular dystrophy, disorders of the junction where the nerve impulses are transmitted to the muscle like myasthenia gravis, and neuropathies, which are diseases of the peripheral nervous system. The diagnosis of most neuromuscular diseases rest on careful clinical evaluation of the patient, electromyography, the muscle biopsy, and in some instances, molecular genetic studies. Muscle biopsy, associated to histochemical and immunohistological techniques, plays a key role in diagnosis of many neuromuscular disorders. A number of morphological abnormalities of muscle can be recognized on histological stains such as haematoxylin and eosin and Engel trichrome. Histochemical techniques are essential for the study of muscle biopsies for four main reasons. First, they demonstrate the non-uniform nature of the muscle highlighting the different biochemical properties of specific fibre type and their selective involvement in certain disease processes. Second, they may show an absences of a particular enzyme. Third, an excess of a particular substrate can be demonstrated. Fourth, they may show structural changes in the muscle which would not be apparent with routine histological stains, such as the enzyme-deficient cores in central core disease "mouth-eaten" fibers, and abnormalities in the distribution of mitochondria. In some neuromuscular disorders there could be only non-specific myopathological features. However, a number of proteins, including sarcolemmal, sarcomeric, and nuclear proteins as well as enzymes with defects responsible for neuromuscular disorders, have been identified during the past two decades, allowing a more specific and firm diagnosis of muscle diseases. Identification of protein defects relies predominantly on immunohistochemical preparations and on Western blot analysis. While immunohistochemistry is very useful in identifying abnormal expression of primary protein abnormalities in recessive conditions, it is less helpful in detecting primary defects in dominantly inherited disorders. Abnormal immunohistochemical expression patterns can be confirmed by Western blot analysis which may also be informative in dominant disorders. Besides identification of specific protein defects, immunohistochemistry is also helpful in the differentiation of inflammatory myopathies by subtyping cellular infiltrates and demonstrating up-regulation of subtle immunological parameters. This review will summarize and describe the impact that histochemistry and immunohistochemistry has had and the possibilities it has opened up in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in human as well as in veterinary myology
One-trocar-assisted pyeloplasty: An attractive alternative to open pyeloplasty
Full text linkBackground: To survey the effects of one-trocar-assisted pyeloplasty (OTAP) in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in kids. Materials and Methods: Forty-four children (±3.5 years) were submitted to OTAP procedure. A flank incision under the XII rib was made, the Gerota′s fascia was achieved and a balloon Hasson trocar with an operative telescope inserted for retroperitoneal access. The renal pelvis and ureter were isolated and exteriorised. Forty-two patients underwent Anderson-Hynes dismembered and one Fenger pyeloplasty . One patient was converted to an open procedure. Two patients presented an aberrant crossing vessel. In all patients, a double J stent was positioned. The operative time and length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Renal scan and ultrasound (US) were utilised to evaluate the results from 6 to 12 months. Results: OTAP was successful in all but 1 patient. Mean operative time and LOS were 128 min and 3,5 days. We had four operative complications (9.09%). The US and a nuclear scan confirmed the resolution of the UPJO in all patients except one with the Fenger pyeloplasty who had an open Anderson-Hynes. Conclusions: The combination of retroperitoneoscopic and open procedures for dismembered pyeloplasty offers a simple, time-saving method in a minimally invasive fashion with low morbidity for patients with UPJO
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