169,855 research outputs found
[Executive function deficits in ADHD and Asperger syndrome]
No full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the executive functioning of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype (ADHD-C) and Asperger syndrome (AS) compared to a control group
Mentalization,attachment,and subjective identity
No full textIn our opinion article we make a caveat about the hypothesis of a quantitative and a qualitative continuum along which mentalization may vary. For this idea risks not carving nature at its joints if it is not complemented with a “third-person” approach to mentalization, according to which the understanding of other minds both ontogenetically precedes and grounds the understanding of our own minds. In this perspective, we agree with Baglio & Marchetti’s claim that mentalization is “a multifaceted set of competences liable to influence -- and be influenced by -- a manifold of psychosocial aspects.” However, we propose it to be unpacked as follows: the construction of first-person mentalization evolves in an interplay of third-person mentalization, autobiographical memory and socio-communicative skills modulated by cultural variables. Our argumentation will be supported by evidence from developmental psychology, developmental social neuroscience, and psychopathology
Alexithymia and attachment styles in parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
No full text
Tratti alessitimici e deficit di empatia in un campione di genitori di bambini con sindrome di Asperger
No full textThe Italian version of the Circle of Security Parenting: clinical application and preliminary empirical data from a research study
No full textIntroduction
The Circle of Security Parenting (COS-P) protocol is an early intervention program designed to prevent insecure attachment, child psychopathological distress and to promote psychological well-being that can be used with groups, dyads, and individuals. It is a visually based approach (utilizing extensive use of both graphics and video clips). Created in USA (Cooper, Hoffman, Powell, Marvin, 2005), COS-P is now widespread in many countries and has been translated into seven languages. The final purpose of COS-P is to support parents to recognize and respond to their children’s alternating needs for attachment and exploration (Powell, Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin, 2009). It provides an opportunity for caregivers to reflect on their child’s needs and the challenges each faces in meeting those needs (Cooper, Hoffman, & Powell, 2009).
Whereas COS is an evidenced based approach, there are only preliminary empirical data on the efficacy of COS-P. Using case studies, the presentation describes the Italian version of COS-P, produced with the collaboration of its creators, and its preliminary empirical data from a research study. Particularly attention will be paid to the setting up of a research study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the COS-P in Italy.
Method
Case studies will be presented and preliminary data will be discussed on a pre-intervention/post-intervention design used to examine the COS-P efficacy. Self-report questionnaires and a projective tool were administered to patients participating to the protocol. The areas of investigation of used tools can be grouped in: dyadic adjustment; parenting; caregiving; parents’ subjective appraisal of child problems; parent’s attachment style and model.
Results/discussion
Preliminary data of the application of COS-P on case studies showed interesting results in terms of enhancement of the attachment-caregiving relationships and of parents’ subjective appraisal of child needs. COS constituted a type of treatment to support parenting with great potential in the Italian context
The Italian version of the Circle of Security Parenting: clinical application and preliminary empirical data from a research study
No full textIntroduction
The Circle of Security Parenting (COS-P) protocol is an early intervention program designed to prevent insecure attachment, child psychopathological distress and to promote psychological well-being that can be used with groups, dyads, and individuals. It is a visually based approach (utilizing extensive use of both graphics and video clips). Created in USA (Cooper, Hoffman, Powell, Marvin, 2005), COS-P is now widespread in many countries and has been translated into seven languages. The final purpose of COS-P is to support parents to recognize and respond to their children’s alternating needs for attachment and exploration (Powell, Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin, 2009). It provides an opportunity for caregivers to reflect on their child’s needs and the challenges each faces in meeting those needs (Cooper, Hoffman, & Powell, 2009).
Whereas COS is an evidenced based approach, there are only preliminary empirical data on the efficacy of COS-P. Using case studies, the presentation describes the Italian version of COS-P, produced with the collaboration of its creators, and its preliminary empirical data from a research study. Particularly attention will be paid to the setting up of a research study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the COS-P in Italy.
Method
Case studies will be presented and preliminary data will be discussed on a pre-intervention/post-intervention design used to examine the COS-P efficacy. Self-report questionnaires and a projective tool were administered to patients participating to the protocol. The areas of investigation of used tools can be grouped in: dyadic adjustment; parenting; caregiving; parents’ subjective appraisal of child problems; parent’s attachment style and model.
Results/discussion
Preliminary data of the application of COS-P on case studies showed interesting results in terms of enhancement of the attachment-caregiving relationships and of parents’ subjective appraisal of child needs. COS constituted a type of treatment to support parenting with great potential in the Italian context
Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive ADHD subtypes
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with executive functioning and sustained and divided attention deficits. In order to clarify the questions on neurocognitive impairment in ADHD, we investigated the presence of specific executive functions (EFs) and attention deficit patterns in ADHD clinical subtypes. 50 patients with ADHD and 44 controls were evaluated. All subjects were boys and performed a clinical-psychopathological and neuropsycholpogical-battery. Five main domains of EFs and attention were studied. Executive functions-related neurocognitive abilities were used as control tasks. ADHD patients, inattentive and combined subtypes differ from controls on response inhibition, divided attention, phonological, and visual object working memory and on variability of reaction times measured with CPT. Comparison of ADHD subtypes, in five main domains of EFs, did not show evidence of different executive functioning profiles. Response inhibition can predict performance on working memory tests but it cannot predict performance on divided attention/set shifting and on sustained attention. ADHD boys exhibit a selective impairment on executive functions and attention tasks. These data suggest the involvement of partially independent neural circuits which control inhibition and divided attention in ADHD. Since right prefrontal cortex seems to be crucial in controlling response inhibition, while left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems important in modulating divided attention, these areas are deputated to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD subtypes. In addition, this study candidates the impairment in phonological and visual-object working memory as a possible neuropsychological trait in ADHD males with inattentive or combined subtypes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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