1,721,736 research outputs found
Consumer bankruptcy e debt mitigation: modelli a confronto
No full textA growing number of legal systems have decided to take measures to address the problems derived from the over-indebtedness of consumers, a common feature in contemporary credit society. This article provides an overview of the various models that have been developed over the last two decades by the national legislatures. In the same period, common law systems, where bankruptcy proceedings were traditionally available for non-commercial entities, felt the need to adjust the existing rules in order to prevent abuses. All the different provisions enacted to mitigate the debts incurred by consumers, or to allow them a fresh start, pose serious problems of compatibility with well-established principles of contract law. Their comparative analysis shows remarkable distinctions, especially between the civil law and common law approaches. The author focuses on these distinctions as well as on a peculiar phenomenon that has taken place due to the disparity of legal regimes in Europe, the so called insolvency tourism
Arbitrati individuali coatti e ghettizzazione della class action: la controrivoluzione (a spese del contraente debole) nel sistema di enforcement statunitense
No full textThe article focuses on the critical issues experienced in the US legal system, as a consequence of a series of Supreme Court decisions which reveal a high propensity to enforce mandatory individual arbitration clauses. This led, with respect to disputes between contractual parties, to the marginalization of both class action and class arbitration. Then, taking inspiration from the dissenting opinion by Justice Ginsburg in DirecTV v. Imburgia, which pointed to Europe as a model to emulate, the author compares the two experiences, observing that, on the European side, the rules on unfair terms, as well as those on ADR, can really minimize, at least for consumers, the risk of being systematically deprived of the right to have a day in court; however, what is still unsatisfactory is the way in which collective redress mechanisms are shaped
The open banking movement and the access to accounts rule: challenges for competition and data protection law
No full textThe global development of open banking regulations and initiatives, while promising benefits to individuals and small businesses, raises also several concerns. This entry, focusing on the European Union experience, addresses some critical issues not only in respect to the defence of consumers' economic interests, but also, and mainly, with regard to the safeguard of customers’ personal data and the maintenance of an adequate level of competition in the relevant markets. The author advocates a revision of the existing protecting devices or, alternatively, the creation of new mechanisms, more suitable to ensure a high level of protection for the interests at stake
When Human Rights Are Not Effective Entitlements: The Awkward Case of Right to Life in Wrongful Death Actions
No full textThis article focuses on the right to life and the difficulties of protecting it in an effective way before the
national courts. One of the awkward problems that can be experienced in Europe is that, notwithstanding
the prominence of the right to life in the framework of international human rights instruments, States are
not obliged to provide the close relatives, or the heirs, of the deceased with a legal basis for claiming
compensation for non pecuniary-damages, when that person died because of an act or omission, which is
not attributable to governmental bodies. In all European countries, with the exception of Portugal, death
as such does not constitute a legally relevant damage. The author argues that there is a need to recognize
that deprivation of life shall be treated as a loss worthy of redress, even if caused by private actors
Consumatori, tutela collettiva, arbitrato: di miti (americani) infranti e timidi risvegli (europei)
No full textThe article deals with the crisis that has affected class action litigation in the United States, especially when seen as a device to defend consumers’ economic interests. The main hurdle is the increasing enforceability of mandatory arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, usually drafted in such a way that they are also able to prevent class arbitrations. In light of this trend, it would be advisable to take inspiration from the European rules that allow courts to declare pre-dispute arbitration clauses unfair, when such terms are contained in standard form agreements or at any rate have not been individually negotiated, and prescribe other safeguards. Nevertheless, the author argues that, in order to achieve an effective protection for consumers in Europe, these measures need to be combined with the strengthening of the means for collective redress
Assicurazione Rc Auto: il risarcimento spetta anche a chi non vuole sottoporsi a visita medica
No full textIl Tribunale di Torre Annunziata, nell’ordinanza resa il 1° giugno 2017, affronta sinteticamente, ma con chiarezza, alcune questioni relative alla disciplina dell’assicurazione obbligatoria rca. Per un verso, si esclude in maniera perentoria che possa avere ricadute negative sulla proponibilità della domanda giudiziale il rifiuto del danneggiato, che lamenti menomazioni all’integrità psico-fisica, di sottoporsi alla visita medica richiesta dalla compagnia assicuratrice del responsabile del sinistro. Per altro verso, si ritiene preclusa la possibilità che il danneggiato ottenga la concessione di una somma a titolo di provvisionale, qualora l’unico elemento su cui basarsi per la stima del pregiudizio sia una consulenza tecnica espletata da un professionista incaricato dal danneggiato medesimo
Danni punitivi nel diritto della concorrenza e della proprietà intellettuale: quali prospettive?
No full textLe brevi riflessioni che seguono si propongono di verificare se – alla luce della storica sentenza con cui le sezioni unite, nel ritenere compatibile con l’ordinamento italiano l’istituto dei danni punitivi, hanno riconosciuto che la funzione sanzionatoria non è estranea al sistema della responsabilità civile – nell’ordinamento nazionale si sia aperto qualche spiraglio per i risarcimenti più che compensativi con riferimento ai settori della concorrenza e della proprietà industriale, dove gli interessi in gioco richiedono talvolta un livello di deterrenza più elevato di quello minimale rappresentato dal mero ristoro della perdita subita dal danneggiato
Paziente deceduto per COVID-19: inammissibile la c.t. preventiva a fini conciliativi
No full textIl contributo analizza l’ordinanza del 9 novembre 2022 con cui il Tribunale di Napoli, in sintonia con quanto deciso da un precedente del Tribunale di Torino, ha dichiarato inammissibile il ricorso per l’effettuazione di una consulenza tecnica preventiva proposto dal coniuge di una persona morta per COVID-19, il cui decesso veniva dalla parte ricorrente addebitato al medico di famiglia e alla ASL. L’esito negativo dell’iniziativa giudiziaria è dipeso in buona misura dalla mancata allegazione di inadempienze qualificate dei soggetti evocati in giudizio, delle quali si sarebbe dovuta evidenziare l’efficienza causale rispetto ai danni verificatisi
Legittimazione attiva di chi si rende cessionario di un credito risarcitorio derivante da un sinistro stradale
No full textIllecito della p.a. in materia edilizia ed urbanistica: ultimi bagliori della giurisdizione ordinaria
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