1,721,026 research outputs found
Caratteristiche e provenienza dei marmi
No full textI frammenti lapidei considerati nel presente contributo sono stati in buona parte rinvenuti accatastati a poca distanza dai resti di fornaci (calcare) funzionali alla trasformazione delle pietre in calce. Si può ipotizzare che gli elementi recuperati fossero destinati alla calcinazione anche perché costituiti esclusivamente da litotipi calcarei (marmi bianchi e colorati, calcari, arenarie calcaree). Assenti, invece, sono risultate essere le pietre non calcaree e comunemente utilizzate in età romana come graniti, porfidi, andesiti o marmi dolomitici, non idonee alla produzione di calce
HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein expression correlates with advanced tumour grade and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
No full textPiscuoglio S, Zlobec I, Pallante P, Sepe R, Esposito F, Zimmermann A, Diamantis I, Terracciano L, Fusco A & Karamitopoulou E (2012) Histopathology 60, 397-404 HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein expression correlates with advanced tumour grade and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma follows a multistep model of progression through precursor lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) and high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) proteins are architectural transcription factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of malignant tumours, including pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the role of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Methods and results: HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression was examined in 210 ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas from resection specimens, combined on a tissue microarray also including 40 examples of PanIN and 40 normal controls. The results were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters of the tumours and the outcome of the patients. The percentage of tumour cells showing HMGA1 and HMGA2 nuclear immunoreactivity correlated positively with increasing malignancy grade and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression was significantly higher in invasive carcinomas than in PanINs. No, or very low, expression was found in normal pancreatic tissue. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HMGA1 and HMGA2 are implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and may play a role in tumour progression towards a more malignant phenotype
Deregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid neoplasias
No full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of powerful gene expression regulators. Acting at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs modulate the expression of at least one-third of the mRNAs that are encoded by the human genome. The expression of a single gene can be regulated by several miRNAs, and every miRNA has more than one target gene. Thus, the miRNA regulatory circuit, which affects essential cellular functions, is of enormous complexity. Moreover, a fundamental role for miRNAs has been determined in the onset and progression of human cancers. Here, we summarize the main alterations in miRNA expression that have been identified in thyroid neoplasias and examine the mechanisms through which miRNA deregulation might promote thyroid cell transformation. We also discuss how the emerging knowledge on miRNA deregulation could be harnessed for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid neoplasias
Tumor suppressor activity of CBX7 in lung carcinogenesis
No full textThe generation of knockout mice for
the Cbx7 gene validates the tumor
suppressor role of CBX7, whose expression
is lost in several human malignancies.
Indeed, these mice developed liver
and lung adenomas and carcinomas.
Cyclin E overexpression due to the lack
of Cbx7-negative regulation of its expression
likely accounts for the phenotype of the Cbx7-KO mice. A similar mechanism
is likely involved in human lung carcinogenesis,
since Cyclin E upregulation associated with the loss of CBX7 expression has been observed in most of human lung carcinomas analyze
Deregulation of microRNA expression in follicular cell-derived human thyroid carcinomas.
No full textCarcinoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon cancer, but one of the most frequent malignancies of the endocrine system. Most thyroid cancers are derived from the follicular cell. Follicular carcinoma is considered more malignant than papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Even though several genetic lesions have been already described in human thyroid cancer, particularly in the papillary histotype, the mechanisms underlying the development of these neoplasias are still far from being completely elucidated. Some years ago several studies were undertaken to analyze the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in thyroid carcinoma to evaluate a possible role of their deregulation in the process of carcinogenesis. These studies showed an aberrant miRNA expression profile that distinguishes unequivocally among PTC, ATC and normal thyroid tissue. Here, other than summarize the current findings about miRNA expression in human thyroid carcinomas, we discuss the mechanisms by which miRNA deregulation may play a role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and the possible use of miRNA knowledge in the diagnosis and therapy of thyroid neoplasms
Circulating tumour cells in predictive molecular pathology: Focus on drug-sensitive assays and 3D culture
No full textMolecular cytopathology is a rapidly evolving field of cytopathology that provides biological information about the response to personalised therapy and about the prognosis of neoplasms diagnosed on cytological samples. Biomarkers such as circulating tumour cells and circulating tumour DNA are increasingly being evaluated in blood and in other body fluids. Such liquid biopsies are non-invasive, repeatable, and feasible also in patients with severe comorbidities. However, liquid biopsy may be challenging due to a low concentration of biomarkers. In such cases, biomarkers can be detected with highly sensitive molecular techniques, which in turn should be validated and integrated in a complex algorithm that includes tissue-based molecular assessments. The aim of this review is to provide the cytopathologist with practical information that is relevant to daily practice, particularly regarding the emerging role of circulating tumour cells in the field of predictive molecular pathology
The grave slab of the so-called "Young Knight" by Francesco Laurana: knowledge and restoration
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