1,721,078 research outputs found
Le difficoltà di apprendimento della lingua straniera: una rassegna delle ricerche sulla natura del problema in una prospettiva diagnostica e di intervento.
No full text
The role of interference control in working memory: A study with children at risk of ADHD.
No full textThe study aimed to test whether the impairment in a working memory task observed in children at
risk of ADHD was due to a lack of control of interfering information being processed whilst carrying
out the memory task. Two groups of children at risk of ADHD with or without a learning disability
(reading impairment) were compared to a control group in a working memory task. Activation of irrelevant
items was tested with a lexical decision task presented immediately after the final recall in about
half of the trials. Results showed a poor working memory performance in children at risk of ADHD
and reading disability associated with a larger activation of irrelevant information than that of control
children. Results indicated that the to-be-excluded and interfering items are still highly accessible to
working memory in children that fail the working memory task. The examination of working memory
and interference control of children at risk of ADHD with a learning disability revealed a counterintuitive
picture of children with poor working memory showing better recall/activation of processed
information. This picture is consistent with a view of working memory related to an efficient inhibitory
control that influences cognitive functioning
Uno strumento per esaminare la memoria di lavoro verbale in bambini di scuola elementare: taratura e validità
No full textTaratura dello strumento per valutare la memoria di lavoro verbale, Listening span test, per bambini dai 7 ai 10 anni di età
Invited revision of the book: “In order to learn: How the sequence of topics influence learning”, Edited by F. E. Ritter, J. Nerb, E. Lehtinen and T. M. O'Shea. Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.
No full textLearning a second language: The role of verbal memory from an experimental psychological perspective
No full textHow sublexical association strength modulates updating: Cognitive and strategic effects
No full textIn the current study, we investigated updating of
long-term memory (LTM) associations. Specifically, we examined
sublexical associations by manipulating preexisting
LTM relations between consonant couplets (in encoding and
updating phases), and explicitly instructed participants to engage
with a specific strategy for approaching the task (item
disjunction, grouping, or none). In two experiments, we used a
multistep subject-based memory updating task in which we
measured processing response times (RTs; Exp. 1, Exp. 2) and
recognition RTs (Exp. 2). For the first time, in both experiments,
we found costs in dismantling strong pre-existing associations
from LTM and benefits in recreating strong
preexisting associations. In addition, we found that control
of irrelevant information was more difficult when this
belonged to a strong association. Regarding task strategies,
we showed that inducing a disjunction strategy enhanced
updating, no matter the strength of the association. Results
were discussed in the light of updating as a process of dismantling
and recreating associations. The role of a specific strategic
approach in enhancing the updating was also discussed
Modulation of working memory updating: Does long-term memory lexical association matter?
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate
how working memory updating for verbal material is modulated
by enduring properties of long-term memory. Two
coexisting perspectives that account for the relation between
long-term representation and short-term performance were
addressed. First, evidence suggests that performance is more
closely linked to lexical properties, that is, co-occurrences
within the language. Conversely, other evidence suggests
that performance is linked more to long-term representations
which do not entail lexical/linguistic representations. Our
aim was to investigate how these two kinds of long-term
memory associations (i.e., lexical or nonlexical) modulate
ongoing working memory activity. Therefore, we manipulated
(between participants) the strength of the association in
letters based on either frequency of co-occurrences (lexical)
or contiguity along the sequence of the alphabet (nonlexical).
Results showed a cost in working memory updating for
strongly lexically associated stimuli only. Our findings
advance knowledge of how lexical long-term memory
associations between consonants affect working memory
updating and, in turn, contribute to the study of factors which
impact the updating process across memory systems
A new task to assess Semantic-Verbal Working Memory (SVWM): Preliminary norms for Primary School [Un nuovo strumento per valutare la Memoria di Lavoro Semantico-Verbale (MLSV): norme preliminari per la Scuola Primaria]
No full textIl contributo presenta una nuova prova, a doppio compito, per la valutazione della Memoria di Lavoro Verbale costituita da liste di parole collegate tra loro da diversi nessi semantici (categoriali/tassonomici, tematico/associativi e arbitrari). Si forniscono gli indici psicometrici relativi alla validità interna e concorrente dello strumento e si illustrano i punteggi preliminari, complessivi e per tipo di nesso, su un campione di 239 bambini di Scuola Primaria (dalla prima alla quinta classe). I risultati evidenziano un effetto dell’età con prestazioni crescenti all’aumento dell’età/scolarizzazione e un effetto del tipo di nesso, con il nesso categorizzante facilitante il ricordo corretto di parole
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