3,081 research outputs found
An assessment of the impact of possible CAP reform scenarios on Romanian agriculture
No full textUsing a simplified model, with key-variable the prices of two different possible scenarios of CAP reform after 2013 (moderate and radical), this paper present a comparison between the price effects of implementation of each reform scenario at 2015 horizon on Romanian agriculture. This short analysis shows that, under the presented hypotheses, the net welfare effect, due to the price changes, for the selected products, is positive in both reform scenarios, yet greater in the case of the radical reform. Integrated in the large context of Romanian development, it seems that the influence of CAP reform upon agriculture and rural areas will be most likely a gradual one: an interpenetration between the two scenarios is foreseeable, starting with the moderate reform that will dominate the period around 2013, the reform measures acquiring a more radical character afterwards.CAP reform, Romania, welfare effects, Agricultural and Food Policy,
Rich, Sturmian, and trapezoidal words
No full textIn this paper we explore various interconnections between rich words, Sturmian words, and trapezoidal words. Rich words, first introduced by the second and third authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer, constitute a new class of finite and infinite words characterized by having the maximal number of palindromic factors. Every finite Sturmian word is rich, but not conversely. Trapezoidal words were first introduced by the first author in studying the behavior of the subword complexity of finite Sturmian words. Unfortunately this property does not characterize finite Sturmian words. In this note we show that the only trapezoidal palindromes are Sturmian. More generally we show that Sturmian palindromes can be characterized either in terms of their subword complexity (the trapezoidal property) or in terms of their palindromic complexity. We also obtain a similar characterization of rich palindromes in terms of a relation between palindromic complexity and subword complexity
Photobleaching of polydiacetylene waveguides: A characterization of the process and patterning of optical elements
No full textPoly-3-butoxycarbonylmethylurethane is a conjugated polymer with large third order nonlinear optical response. Photobleaching of poly-3-butoxycarbonylmethylurethane spun films by mean of a UV lamp and 488-nm laser light is characterized and modeled. The role of oxygen on the photobleaching process is discussed. Microoptic devices and holographic gratings are formed
Guided-light two-wave-mixing on a spherical surface
No full textA novel guided structure is proposed which is aimed at developing integrated all-optical signal processors exploiting two wave mixing interactions. The structure is based on the whispering propagation on a hemispherical glass substrate and contains a dye-doped photoresist film as the test nonlinear material. Its functionality was demonstrated successfully with two wave mixing experiments that were performed with CW light at 1321 nm and with a probe beam at 647 nm
Efficient coupling between annealed K+-Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides and 10/125 single-mode fibers at lambda=1.321 micrometers
No full textThe process of thermal annealing of K+-Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides has been studied with the aim of optimizing their coupling efficiency with commercial single-mode fibers at λ=1.321 μm. Waveguides obtained in soda-lime glass slides, with mask apertures ranging between 13.4 and 2.6 μm, were characterized before the annealing by combining nearfield measurements and an etching procedure. The experimental results were successfully compared with a theoretical model based on the variational principle. The refractive index distribution of K+-Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides supporting one or a low number of modes was given: compared to the corresponding slab case, the refractive index step Δno remained constant, while the waveguide depth was lower. The thermal annealing process of the channels was then performed and modeled by means of the standard diffusion theory. As a result, the channel fabrication parameters for optimum guide-fiber coupling could be predicted: 0.23-dB mode mismatch losses were measured between the optimized channel and a commercial 10/125 single-mode fiber, at λ=1.321 μ
SAFIRE-A (spectroscopy of the atmosphere by far-infrared emission - Airborne): Optimized instrument configuration and new assessment of improved performance
No full textRadiation Explorer in the Far Infrared BreadBoard (REFIR/BB) for the atmospheric emission measurement in the 100- to 1100-cm-1 spectral range
No full textProceedings of SPIE Reprin
THERMAL ANNEALING OF K+-NA+ ION-EXCHANGED WAVE-GUIDES
No full textThe process of thermal annealing of K+-Na+ ion-exchanged waveguides in soda lime glass is characterized and compared with a simple theoretical model. The discrepancies between theory and experiments in the case of initially thick guides disappear if the existence of a stress-induced contribution to the refractive index is assumed that is not proportional to the concentration of the doping ions. The results obtained for initially thin guides are exploited for the design of annealed single-mode channel waveguides: 0.4-dB coupling losses with commercial single-mode fibers at λ = 1.321 μm were measured
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