323,584 research outputs found
Ablabesmyia bianulata Paggi
No full textAblabesmyia bianulata Paggi Ablabesmyia bianulata Paggi, 1987: 329 Material examined. Argentina. Neuquen, Ramos Mexía reservoir, male associated with pupal exuviae (ILPLA), 06-XI- 1983, kick sample, F. Kaisin. Neuquen, Mari Menuco lake, 5 males (Paratypes), 19 -III- 1978, S. Coscarón. Emended diagnosis. Male diagnosis of Ablabesmyia bianulata Paggi should be emended as follows: antenna with 14 flagellomeres; tibial comb of hind leg with 5–7 spiniform setae; number of setae on tergite IX = 2–3. Aedeagal complex redescription: BL (Fig. 14) clearly curved, 25 –30, 29 long, width 12 –18, 16 at base, 6 –10, 8 at 1 /4, 6–8, 7 from 1 / 2 to 3 /4, 2 at 9 / 19; BL produced beyond BDL (BL / BDL ratio: 1.11–1.20, 1.17). The shape of DL is cylindrical with abundant long and thin terminal filaments. LF long and wavy. LL absent. Pupa (n = 1) (Figs 29–32) Total length 4.92 mm. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome as in Fig. 29. Wing pad with distinct veins as in Fig. 30. Thoracic horn 556 long, reticulation distinct, with external spines. Thoracic comb with 12 cylindrical spines (Fig. 31) plus short spines near the insertion of the thoracic horn. Abdomen. Shagreen with very evident simple spines in arch. Chaetotaxy and coloration pattern Fig. 32. Anal lobe 457 long, with short spinules bordering the insertion of the first lateral setae. Male genital sac 374 long. Position of first lateral setae / segment lenght 0.35 on segment VII; 0.35 on segment VIII; 0.42 on Anal lobe.Published as part of Siri, Augusto & Paggi, Analía C., 2010, A new species of the genus Ablabesmyia Johannsen from the Neotropics and description of the pupa of Ablabesmyia bianulata Paggi (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), pp. 49-58 in Zootaxa 2386 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19377
Crack propagation in honeycomb cellular materials: a computational approach
No full textComputational models based on the finite element method and linear or nonlinear fracture mechanics are herein proposed to study the mechanical response of functionally designed cellular components. It is demonstrated that, via a suitable tailoring of the properties of interfaces present in the meso- and micro-structures, the tensile strength can be substantially increased as compared to that of a standard polycrystalline material. Moreover, numerical examples regarding the structural response of these components when subjected to loading conditions typical of cutting operations are provided. As a general trend, the occurrence of tortuous crack paths is highly favorable: stable crack propagation can be achieved in case of critical crack growth, whereas an increased fatigue life can be obtained for a sub-critical crack propagation
Polyarthra platensis José, Paggi & Paggi, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textPolyarthra platensis sp. nov. Type locality. Shallow lake in Reserva Ecológica U.N.L., Santa Fe (floodplain of Paraná River), Santa Fe Province, Argentina (31 ° 38 ’ 16 ” S 60 ° 40 ’ 21 ” W; temperature 27 ºC, conductivity 1065 µS.cm - 1, pH 8, dissolved oxygen 9 mg.l - 1). February 11 th, 2009. Type material. Holotype: 1 parthenogenetic Ψ, complete, mounted on a slide, Accession Number MACN-In 38202. Paratypes: two parthenogenetic Ψ, dissected and mounted on two slides, from type locality, Accession numbers MACN-In 38203–38204; two parthenogenetic Ψ, complete, mounted on two slides, all from type locality and on the same date. Accession number MFA/Z 8 – 9. Additional material. Numerous specimens in liquid samples, preserved in formalin deposited in INALI. Shallow lake in Reserva Ecológica U.N.L., Santa Fe (type locality), February 24 th, 2009. Laguna Gonzalez, near Santa Fe (floodplain of Paraná River), Santa Fe Province, Argentina (31 ° 40 ’ 28 ” S 60 ° 34 ’ 11 ” W), November 5 th, 2009. Pond situated one Km south of Cuay Grande River, Corrientes Province, Argentina (28 ° 41 ’ 41 ” S 56 ° 14 ’ 30 ” W), November 16 th, 2004. Swamp at Garrucho, Corrientes Province, Argentina (28 ° 7 ’ 50 ” S 55 ° 42 ’ 30 ” W), November 16 th, 2004. Pond in Saenz Peña, Formosa Province (26 º 54 ’ 26 ” S 60 º 27 ’ 37 ” W), December 1, 2007. The environmental conditions at all five listed sites combined were: temperature 25–27.5 ºC, conductivity 292–1065 µS.cm - 1, pH 7.5–9, dissolved oxygen 4.26–6.90 mg.l - 1. S hort diagnosis. Polyarthra with four bundles of well developed paddles, all similar in length, but shorter than body. Each bundle with two different types of paddles. Ventral accessory paddles present. Vitellarium with 8 nuclei. Unci with single tooth. Manubria gently curved in anterior half, with no projection or lamella present on its surface. Rami with single large tooth on inner margin. Distal part of rami, anterior to large tooth, round with one apical lobe. Description of parthenogenetic female. Shape of body, in dorsoventral view, subrectangular or roughly subpentagonal (Figs. 1–2), more rarely, with lateral flanks progressively widening posteriorly. Maximum width about 60-70 % of total body length. Posterior end of body frequently produced into a wide, convex depressed process. Along the dorsal wall of the body, on both sides, and posterior to each bundle of paddles, there is an integumental expansion or ridge. This ridge is somewhat variable in shape, but could generally be described as being at an obtuse angle with the apex, located midway between the insertion of paddles and lateral antenna (Figs 2, 3, 5–7). On occasion this ridge is accompanied by a small expansions near end of body (Fig. 7). In lateral view, body progressively tapers to posteriorly, dorsal expansions do not reach outline of maximum thickness. None of the studied specimens exhibited a “ proloba- like” ventral protuberance. Vitellarium with 8 nuclei. However, an additional nucleus was observed in just two specimens collected from two different localities. Corona with relatively long cilia, one wide and low ciliate protuberance in central part, a pair of short, inconspicuous apical antennae close to outer limit of corona and two short protuberances positioned close to each antenna (Figs. 1–3). Eyespot conspicuous and relatively large (6.5–7 % of body length), dark-red in colour and hemispherical in shape, with a posterolateral inclination of its plane (Figs. 1–2). Dorsal antenna, easily visible due to a thickening that partially surrounds the pore, located midway between dorsal bundles of paddles (Figs. 2–3). Lateral antennae, not so conspicuous, located close to distal insertion of paddle muscles (Fig. 2). Four bundles of major paddles located close to limit between head and rest of body. Each bundle with three paddles similar in length extending beyond the posterior end of the body by about 20–25 % of paddles length. Paddle bundles comprise two lanceolate and one ensiform paddle, all 10–20 % shorter than body length, with a welldefined central longitudinal vein. Lanceolate paddles with maximum width, 13–15 % of length, at distal fourth fifth; with 14–17 short teeth on each side, those on distal third as end of a sort pattern of oblique veins or pleats (Fig. 8). Ensiform paddle, slightly longer than lanceolate paddles, with maximum width, 7–9 % of length, at middle; margins coarsely serrated, with 11–14 well defined larger teeth and surface of blade smooth (Fig. 9). Accessory pair of ventral paddles, ligulate and extremely slender, basal width 2.5 –3.0 % of length, with smooth margins and as long as or slightly shorter than half of body length, inserted midway between ventral bundles (Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 10). Throphi virgate, about half as long as body, somewhat poorly sclerotized (Fig. 11). In ventral view, fulcrum seems to be as long as rami, bacilliform with a small rounded expansion at distal end; in lateral view, shorter than rami, subrectangular, with dorsal margin straight and ventral margin concave, expanded at distal end (middle height = 16–17 % of length and distal height = 28–29 % of length) (Figs. 11–12). In lateral view, it can be seen that rami are longer than fulcrum and curved from coronal plane to transverse plane (Fig. 12). Basal apophyses half as long as fulcrum and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of trophi, with distal part ending in a rounded, posteriorly expanded protuberance. Outer half of each ramus subhemicircular, with thin lamella whose anterior limit is barely visible. Inner part of each ramus with one conspicuously stout conical tooth at beginning of distal fourth; anterior to this tooth there is a rounded structure with one lobule at tip; posterior to stout conical tooth there is a sort of smooth flap followed by a smooth, gently concave margin (Figs. 13–14). Manubria rod-like, slender and curved, with distal part straight or slightly recurved in dorsoventral view; approximately as long as fulcrum; smooth surface without lamella (Figs. 15–16). Unci approximately as long as one third of manubria, tapered into one relatively blunt tip (Figs. 15–16). Dimensions (in µm, mean ± standard deviation; n = 20). Body: length = 86.4 ± 7.0, width = 58.8 ± 4.7, height = 53.0 ± 2.4. Paddles: major lanceolate, length = 75.7 ± 5.3, width = 10.7 ±1.0; major enciform, length = 77.2 ± 3.4, width = 6.7 ± 1.1; accessory ventral, length = 38.2 ± 10, width = 1.1 ± 0.1. Trophi: total length = 41.3 ± 2.4 [48.5 ± 2.7]; fulcrum length = 20.9 ± 0.8, rami: length = 19.7 ± 9.8 [26.0 ± 0.9], width 10.8 ± 1.5; manubria length = 23.4 ± 1.5; unci length = 6.7 ± 0.5. Due to the rami being curved in a sagittal plane two measurements are given for total length and rami length: 1) in ventral view, with coverslip supported on plasticine so as not to compress the trophi, 2) between square brackets, in lateral view or in ventral view but with rami straightened by crushing with a coverslip. Etymology. The specific name refers to the origin of the studied material, which is water bodies located within the La Plata River Basin. La Plata Basin or Cuenca del Plata is the largest water system in South America. Differential diagnosis and discussion. Polyarthra platensis sp. nov. should be included in the “ P. vulgaris group” due to the presence of ventral accessory paddles and taking into account certain features of the trophi. The species may be considered phylogenetically close to P. dolichoptera Idelson, 1925. However, there are several consistent differences between these two species. First, there are two characters that seem to be autapomorphic to P. platensis; specifically 1) the presence of a pair of lateral, normally angled expansions of dorsal integument and 2) the peculiar morphological heterogeneity of the main paddles. The unusual presence of the lateral expansion of dorsal integument has not been reported before in any of the other species in the genus and may be interpreted as a hydrodynamic adaptation associated to the rapid skipping motion used to avoid predators, which is typical of the species of this genus. Jersabek et al. (2003) show a photograph of a specimen, in lateral view, questionably identified as “ P. l u m i - nosa? Kutikova, 1962 ” (Catalog Number: ANSP 749), with a morphological feature that resembles this integumental expansion. However, it is not discernable in the dorsal view photographs of the same specimen. In comparison, the lateral expansions of integument are readily visible in dorsal view in P. platensis, even at low magnification. With respect to the morphological differences between paddles within a bundle, at least two other cases are known, in P. luminosa Kutikova, 1962 and P. minor Voigt, 1904. However, in both species this morphological heterogeneity is constrained to either the dorsal bundles, and only to the left dorsal bundle in P. minor. Of additional note, P. minor does not belong to “ P. vulgaris- group” because it lacks the accessory ventral paddles. In P. platensis sp. nov., all bundles have the same pattern of heterogeneity, while the distinct paddle in P. platensis sp. nov. is ensiform, in P. luminosa and P minor are dagger-shaped (i.e. leaf-shaped but widest in the proximal part). Apart from these autapomorphies, P. platensis sp. nov. and P. dolichoptera may be differentiated by the following features: 1) in P. dolichoptera the general body shape tapers to posteriorly, while in P. p l a t e n s i s sp. nov. the posterior part is not tapered; 2) the main paddles in P. dolichoptera are as long as, or longer than the body, while in P. platensis sp. nov. the paddles are shorter than the body; 3) the ventral accessory paddles of P. dolichoptera have serrated edges and are relatively shorter: ca. one fourth of the main paddle length, while in P. p l a t e n s i s sp. nov. these paddles have smooth margins and are somewhat more than half as long as the major paddles; 4) in P. dolichoptera the manubria have well-developed lamellae, while in P. platensis sp. nov. lamellae are absent; and 5) in P. dolichoptera the basal apophyses of rami have a knob-like recurved (anteriorly directed) termination, while in P. platensis sp. nov. the protuberance is directed to posteriorly. Other differences also exist, which are not easy to circumscribe in terms of shape or size, but are clearly identifiable when specimens are compared. Examples include, the shape of the tips and inner margin of the rami, the size of the teeth, and the basal structure of the rami. P. platensis sp. nov. also shares several features with P. l u m i n o s a. However, these two species are clearly distinguished by the following features: 1) in P. l u m i n o s a the shape of the accessory paddles is broad, lanceolate and with serrated edges, while in P. platensis sp. nov. these paddles are narrow, ligulate, and with smooth edges; 2) in P. luminosa the manubria have a lamella, while in P. platensis sp. nov. the manubria are subcyclindrical and bare; 3) in P. l u m i n o s a the unci are almost as long as the manubria, while in P. platensis sp. nov. the unci are definitely shorter, measuring about one third of the length of the manubria; 4) in P. luminosa the outer side of rami are bare, while they have a wide lamella in P. platensis sp. nov.; and 5) in P. l u m i n o s a the basal apophyses are bifurcated terminally, while in P. p l a t e n s i s sp. nov. they end in a knob. In P. platensis sp. nov., the anterior end of the rami (after the major tooth) resembles that of P. i n d i c a, described by Segers and Babu (1999). However, P. indica has four alternating teeth that precede the major tooth, while the manubria have a well-developed lamella, and the paddles are homogeneous in shape. Specimens of Polyarthra from the Broa reservoir in Brazil were named ‘ Polyarthra sp. near vulgaris Carlin’ by Segers and Dumont (1995). Because this species is also a member of the vulgaris -group, similarities exist with P. platensis sp. nov. However, the former species has a number of traits that differ from P. platensis sp. nov., such as, the shape of accessory ventral paddles, the absence of a pair of dorso-lateral expansions of the integument, the homogenous shape of the main paddles, and several details of trophi structure. The discovery of this new species, which, at first glance, is easily assignable to the P. vulgaris- group, suggests that a revision of the genus in the Neotropical region is pressingly needed.Published as part of José, Susana B., Paggi, De & Paggi, Juan C., 2011, A new species of Polyarthra Ehrenberg, 1834 belonging to the vulgaris- group (Rotifera: Monogononta: Synchaetidae) from Argentina, with a key to the identification of species in the Neotropical Region, pp. 51-57 in Zootaxa 2828 on pages 52-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20376
Thienemanniella liae Paggi
No full text<i>Thienemanniella liae</i> Paggi <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p> <i>Thienemanniella liae</i> Paggi, 2007: 3 males, 1 male with pupal exuviae, 1 female, 1 mature female pupa, 3 pupae, 3 pupal exuviae, 2 prepupae, 13 larvae. Type locality Argentina.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male; ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires province, Sierra de la Ventana, Sauce Grande Stream, 38°53’S, 61°58’W, 26.III.1994, light trap, A. C. Paggi (MLP). Allotype female; same data as holotype. 7 larvae, together with other undetermined larvae, 1 pharate female with pupal exuviae, and 1 pupal exuviae, Rio Negro province, Neuquen, Limay river, Picaza, 39°35’S, 70°08’W, Surber sample, 25.II.1998, A. C. Paggi (ILPLA). 1 male with pupal exuviae, same data as before but Limay river, Taux, Surber sample, 24.II.1998, A. C. Paggi (MLP).</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> <i>T. liae</i> belongs to the <i>T. spreta</i> group. The brownish larval head capsule with small ventral spinules is characteristic. The adult and pupa are not easy to identify, but according to the measurements given for the male by Paggi (2007) – total length 1.17–1.39 mm, wing length 0.86–1.15 mm – the male is larger than those of other species mentioned here. Also, the brown tergites I–V (except for white setal bases) and the gonostylus without crista dorsalis may help to distinguish this species. The pupal abdominal armament pattern is similar to that in other species of the group, but sternite I is bare in the specimens examined, whereas in the other species of the group there is very fine shagreen.</p> <p> <b>Additions to previous description. Pupa</b> (n = 2). Tergites III–V with posterior spinules slightly larger and wider (Fig. 4 B) than those preceding them on the respective tergite; tergites VI–VIII with anteromedian shagreen of spinules slightly longer than on remainder of tergite. Sternite I bare, II with elongated spinules (Fig. 4 A), III– VIII with homogeneous shagreen of short spinules; on male exuviae, sternites VII and VIII with a posterior row of larger spinules. Male genital sac with apical inner margin oblique (Fig. 4 C).</p> <p> <b>Larva</b> (n = 7). Head capsule and antenna brown; head ventral integument with very small spinules; mentum with first lateral teeth adpressed to outer median teeth.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> On the holotype and the paratype male examined, the superior volsella has a well sclerotized posterior margin, but it was impossible to discern the median margin of this structure.</p>Published as part of <i>Wiedenbrug, Sofia, Lamas, Carlos E. & Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, 2013, A review of Neotropical species in Thienemanniella Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae), pp. 215-237 in Zootaxa 3670 (2)</i> on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/215940">http://zenodo.org/record/215940</a>
Modelling fatigue in quasi-brittle materials with incomplete self-similarity concepts
No full textIn this study, a generalized Barenblatt and Botvina dimensional analysis approach to fatigue crack growth is proposed in order to highlight and explain the deviations from the classical power–law equations used to characterize the fatigue behaviour of quasi-brittle materials. According to this theoretical approach, the microstructural-size (related to the volumetric content of fibers in fiber-reinforced concrete), the crack-size, and the size-scale effects on the Paris’ law and on the Wöhler equation are presented within a unified mathematical framework. Relevant experimental results taken from the literature are used to confirm the theoretical trends and to determine the values of the incomplete self-similarity exponents. All this information is expected to be useful for the design of experiments, since the role of the different dimensionless numbers governing the phenomenon of fatigue is herein elucidated. Finally, a numerical model based on damage mechanics and nonlinear fracture mechanics is proposed for the prediction of uniaxial S–N curves, showing how to efficiently use the information gained from dimensional analysis and how the shape of the S–N curves is influenced by the parameters of the damage model
A new Neotropical species of the genus Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 (Chironomidae: Podonominae) and new distribution in Argentina
No full textRodríguez, Mariana S., Paggi, Analía C., Medina, Ana (2009): A new Neotropical species of the genus Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 (Chironomidae: Podonominae) and new distribution in Argentina. Zootaxa 2300: 39-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19171
Allozyme and PCR-RFLP markers in anisakid nematodes, aethiological agents of human anisakidosis
No full textThe paper reports the application of allozyme markers to the systematics of anisakid nematode
Thermomechanical deformations in photovoltaic laminates
No full textRecent experimental results based on the digital image correlation technique (U. Eitner, M. Köntges, R. Brendel, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2010, 94, 1346–1351) show that the gap between solar cells embedded into a standard photovoltaic laminate varies with temperature. The variation of this gap is an important quantity to assess the integrity of the electric connection between solar cells when exposed to service conditions. In this paper, the thermo-elastic deformations in photovoltaic laminates are analytically investigated by developing different approximate models based on the multilayered beam theory. It is found that the temperature-dependent thermo-elastic properties of the encapsulating polymer layer are responsible for the deviation from linearity experimentally observed in the diagram relating the gap variation to the temperature. The contribution of the different material constituents to the homogenized elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite system is also properly quantified through the definition of weight factors of practical engineering use
Ablabesmyia platensis Siri & Paggi, 2010, n. sp.
No full textAblabesmyia platensis n. sp. Type material. Holotype: Argentina, Buenos Aires, La Plata, 34 º 55´25.9 ´´ S, 57 º 55´36.2 ´´ W, 31 m. asl., male with larval and pupal exuviae number 5275 / 1 (MLP), 25 -VIII- 2009, kick sample, A. Siri. Allotype female with pupal exuviae number 5275 / 2 (MLP), same location as holotype, 29 -III- 2009, kick sample, A. Siri. Paratypes: Argentina, Buenos Aires, La Plata, 34 º 55´25.9 ´´ S, 57 º 55´36.2 ´´ W, 31 m. asl., male reared from pupa number 5275 / 3 (MLP), pharate male number 5275 / 4 (MLP), female reared from larva number 5275 / 5 (MLP), 2 larvae numbers 5275 / 6–7 (MLP) collected in March 2008; 2 males reared from pupa numbers 5275 / 8 (MLP) and (ILPLA), 3 pharate males numbers 5275 / 9–11 (MLP), 3 females reared from pupa numbers 5275 / 12–13 (MLP) and (ILPLA), female adult number 5275 / 14 (MLP), pharate female number 5275 / 15 (MLP), 7 pupal exuviae number 5275 / 16 (MLP) collected in March and April 2009; 1 male reared from larva number 5275 / 17 (MLP), prepupa number 5275 / 18 (MLP) collected on 25 -VIII- 2009; all immature specimens from this site were collected by kick sample, A. Siri. Argentina, Buenos Aires, Gonnet, 34 º 52´34 ´´S, 58 º 01´32.4 ´´W, pupal exuviae number 5275 / 19 (MLP) collected in March 2004; pharate male with larval exuviae number 5275 / 20 (MLP) collected on 28 -VIII- 2005; male reared from pupa number 5275 / 21 (MLP), female reared from larva number 5275 / 22 (MLP), pharate female number 5275 / 23 (MLP), larva number 5275 / 24 (MLP) collected on 28 -XI- 2007, larva number 5275 / 25 (MLP) collected in March 2008; all immatures specimens from this site were collected by kick sample, M. Donato. Etymology: The specific epithet " platensis " refers to La Plata city, the type locality. Adult male (n = 6–10, except when otherwise stated) (Figs. 1 –10, 14) Total length 4.52–5.08, 4.82 mm. Total length / wing length 2.05–2.18, 2.10 (5). Wing length / length of profemur 2.27–2.55, 2.41 (5). Coloration: Thorax (Fig. 1) yelowish, vittae, posnotum, anepisternum and preepisternum brown. Prescutelar area and scutellum yellow, except by 2 brown spots covering the posterior region of prescutelar area and the anterior of the scutelar area. Postscutellum brown. Abdomen (Fig. 2): segment I mostly brownish; segments II–V with anterior band projecting medially, lateral band and incomplete posterior band; segments VI–VII mostly brownish, with no discernible color pattern; wing spots as in Fig. 3. Legs: fe of p 1 with 3 bands (Fig. 4 a); the proximal one incomplete, in some specimens not very clear, connected to the middle band by a vertical band; ti of p 1 with 5 bands, the middle one incomplete, located at the anterior margin, sometimes difficult to see in laterally mounted legs; ta 1 with 2 bands, ta 2–4 with 1 apical band, ta 5 pigmented. Band pattern of mid and hind legs (Figs. 4 b and 4 c respectively) as in fore leg, except tibia with 4 bands. Hypopygium yellow, apical region of gonocoxite and basal region brown. Head (Fig. 6). Antenna with 14 flagellomeres (Fig. 7); AR 2.01–2.11, 2.07. Ultimate flagellomere 122– 132, 127; penultimate 656–747, 694. Temporal setae 73 –95, 81; postorbitals 16 –20, 18. Clypeus with 28 –42, 35 setae. Tentorium 199–216, 208 long. Length of palpomeres 1-5: 64 –71, 65; 102–149, 123; 149–191, 168; 164–208, 178; 257–357, 299 (5). Thorax. Antepronotum with 12 –15, 13; humerals 12 –21, 16; dorsocentrals 24 –32, 26; acrostichals 90 –99, 94 (3); prealars 23 –37, 28; supraalar 1; scutellars 61 –68, 64 (3). Wing with macrotrichia; length 2.12–2.45, 2.28 mm (5); width 0.62–0.79, 0.71 mm (5). Width / length = 0.29–0.32, 0.31 (5). VR 0.82–0.83, 0.83 (3). C not produced beyond R 4 + 5. Brachiolum with 7 –9, 8 setae. Squama with 67 –76, 70 setae (4). Legs. Spurs of fore leg 69 –83, 75 long (Fig. 5 a); mid leg 65 –83, 74 and 47 –59, 53 long (Fig. 5 b); hind leg 71 –83, 77 and 51 –65, 56 long (Fig. 5 c). Comb with 4 spiniform setae. Two pseudospurs on ta 1–3 of all legs; presence of a row of distinctive spines along the inner margin of ta 1–3 of mid and hind legs. Lengths and proportions of legs in Table 1. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 872–1037, 944 1017 –1231, 1103 809–934, 868 477–573, 507 407–498, 438 p 2 975 –1141, 1041 975 –1141, 1038 757–934, 811 415–498, 451 349–390, 364 p 3 851–1079, 979 1245 –1473, 1322 1038 –1224, 1110 564–685, 610 432–515, 481 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV p 1 266–332, 299 166–208, 184 0.76–0.85, 0.82 1.99–2.15, 2.04 2.25–2.43, 2.36 p 2 228–270, 247 166–193, 177 0.74–0.82, 0.78 2.24–2.51, 2.33 2.44–2.64, 2.57 p 3 232–332, 304 166–208, 187 0.79–0.90, 0.84 2.10–2.25, 2.16 1.94–2.18, 2.07 Hypopygium (Fig. 8). Setae on tergite IX, 2 –3, 3. Phallapodeme 71 –75, 72 long (5); transverse sternapodeme 67 –76, 72 wide (3). Gonocoxite 177–224, 188 long. Gonostylus 191–220, 202 long; apex of gonostylus 35 –41, 38 long; pointed megaseta 35 –41, 38 long (Fig. 9). Aedeagal complex (Fig. 10, 14): BL slightly curved, 53 –65, 60 long; width of BL 10 –14, 12 at base, 16 –20, 19 at 1 /4, 10–16, 13 at 1 /2, 6–10, 7 at 3 /4, 2 at 9 / 10; DL 40 –54, 45 long, with 5 –6, 5 terminal setae. BDL 53 –73, 62 long. BL / BDL 0.79–0.90, 0.84. LL absents. HR 0.90–1.02, 0.93; HV 2.26–2.54, 2.38. Adult female (n = 3–6, except when otherwise stated) (Figs. 11–13) Coloration: Thorax and leg pattern coloration as in male. Wing spots Fig. 11. Total length 3.49–4.8, 3.98 mm. Total length / wing length 1.66–2.12 (2). Wing length / length of profemur 2.53–2.65 (2). Head. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres (Fig. 12), AR 0.24–0.29, 0.27. Temporal setae 59 –86, 77. Clypeus with 37 –69, 51 setae. Length of palpomeres 1-5: 60 –71, 66; 102–125, 115; 141–166, 153; 166–174, 172; 270– 337, 308. Tentorium 182–199, 190 long. Thorax. Antepronotum with 14 –19, 16 setae. Dorsocentrals 24 –33, 28; humerals 18 –31, 24; acrostichals 101 (1); prealars 34 –54, 43; supraalar 1; scutelars 85 –115, 95. Wing with macrotrichia; length 2.02–2.26, 2.14 mm; width 0.78–0.89, 0.84 mm; width / length = 0.37– 0.42, 0.39. VR 0.85–0.95, 0.90. Costa not produced beyond R 4 + 5. Brachiolum with 9 –10, 9 setae. Squama with 57 –87, 67 setae. Legs. Spur of fore leg 61 –70, 65 long; mid leg 60 –71, 64 and 47 –57, 51 long; hind leg 67 –76, 70 and 51 – 55, 53 long. Comb with 4 spiniform setae. Lengths and proportions of legs in Table 2. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 689–892, 808 821–975, 916 697–768, 735 365–407, 388 291–332, 319 p 2 830–1038, 971 872 –1121, 1020 664–830, 765 357–457, 415 291–374, 329 p 3 739–934, 873 1038 –1370, 1235 955 –1121, 1065 523–631, 576 415–481, 449 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV p 1 216–241, 229 149–183, 165 0.78–0.80, 0.79 2.25–2.64, 2.22 2.35–2.44, 2.40 p 2 216–232, 224 158–183, 168 0.73–0.78, 0.75 2.39–2.88, 2.52 2.55–2.65, 2.60 p 3 274–307, 288 166–199, 181 0.82–0.88, 0.84 2.12–2.47, 2.21 1.97–2.11, 2.03 Genitalia (Fig. 13). Cercus 73 –78, 76 long. Seminal capsule 77 –99, 88 long; notum 199–220, 210 long; sternite X with 12 –15, 14 setae. Pupa (n = 15–20, except when otherwise stated) (Figs. 15–20) Total length 4.36–6.60, 5.92 mm. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome as in Fig. 15. Wing pad pattern with fused spots (Fig. 16) and incomplete veins which are not clearly distinguished. Thoracic horn (Figs. 17, 18) 560–664, 611 long; 257–374, 313 wide; apical nipple 12 –20, 15 (5) long; length of thoracic horn / apical nipple = 0.019–0.032, 0.024. Reticulum distinct, with external spines. End of aeropile "c" shape. Thoracic comb with 15 –18, 17 conical spines (Fig. 19), plus short spines near the insertion of the thoracic horn. Abdomen. Shagreen with very small simple spines in arch, very difficult to discern. Chaetotaxy and coloration pattern as in Fig. 20. Anal lobe length 498–656, 570. Male genital sac 398–448, 421 (13) long. Position of first lateral setae / segment length = 0.37–0.47, 0.42 on segment VII; 0.30–0.36, 0.34 on segment VIII; 0.38–0.49, 0.44 on anal lobe. Fourth-instar larva (n = 7–10, except when otherwise stated) (Figs. 21–28) Total lenght 7.3–7.5 mm (2); Head. Cephalic setation Fig. 21, capsule 892–996, 950 long; 726–872, 792 wide. Antenna: AR 5.90–7.70, 6.41; basal segment 498–581, 529 long. Maxillary palp with two segments (Fig. 22); basal 41 –51, 50 long; apical 41 –55, 50 long; basal / apical 0.96–1.09, 1.01. Mandible (Fig. 23) 184–215, 198 long. Basal antennal segment / mandible 2.45–2.92, 2.68. Hypopharingeal complex (Fig. 24): Ligula 99–120, 112 long, with five teeth forming a concave margin, the outer and inner teeth sligthly outcurved; Paraligula bifid, 52 –61, 56 long; pecten hypopharyngis with 16 –17, 17 teeth (4). Appendage M Fig. 25. Abdomen. Procercus (Fig. 26) 141–183, 163 long; with seven setae 670–847, 780 long. Posterior parapods (Figs. 27, 28): two darker claws, the largest 81–112, 100 high, 71 –85, 80 wide; the shorter 67 –81, 73 high, 71 –81, 75 wide; one hooked claw 37 –55, 43 high, 66 –81, 73 wide. Claws not (or slightly) pectinate.Published as part of Siri, Augusto & Paggi, Analía C., 2010, A new species of the genus Ablabesmyia Johannsen from the Neotropics and description of the pupa of Ablabesmyia bianulata Paggi (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), pp. 49-58 in Zootaxa 2386 on pages 50-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19377
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